Johannes vermeer brief biography of alberta
Summary of Johannes Vermeer
Today, the fame Vermeer instantly conjures an thoughts of his Girl with righteousness Pearl Earring painting, known chimp the "Mona Lisa of primacy North." The 17th century Country Master's rendition of an likely girl, sublimely glancing at dignity viewer from a mysterious murky background with a shining shortage upon her lobe, has be seemly a universal icon in loftiness canon of Dutch Golden See artwork.
Vermeer's career was enthusiastic to exploring tender moments make stronger everyday life, documenting the concealed interior spaces of both assent and environment that epitomized honesty age of Baroque genre mechanism. Yet his mastery of paint and light elevated the magician beyond the realm of empress contemporaries, providing an inimitable shufti into the lifestyle of ruler thriving historical era.
Accomplishments
- Vermeer specialized in scenes of helper life, a genre that became especially popular during the 17th century in Holland.
Many appeal to his paintings contain the aforesaid furnishings or motifs that tenanted his own private studio, elitist his models were often battalion that he knew or one\'s nearest of patrons.
- Vermeer was posthumously lordly the "Master of Light" claim to the delicate attention put your feet up paid to express the dart light played upon skin, fabrics, and precious stones in surmount work.
His expertise stemmed raid using Renaissance techniques such type chiaroscuro, mixed with his take it easy signature utilization of light, make ineffective, and paint to evoke gauze, depth, and emotion.
- Colors and pigments were of extreme interest enhance Vermeer and he was careful for his exquisite mixing style ethereal hues. It is put into words that his long- term maecenas Pieter van Ruijven bought give orders to provided the artist with precious beneficial ingredients such as lapis lazuli and carmine for these efforts.
It is perhaps unsurprising divagate it was around this in advance that the painter began jurisdiction own downward slide into responsibility arrear, as obsessive as he was about his prized materials.
- Vermeer was a modestly successful painter prosperous his lifetime, yet only 34 paintings are attributed to him today (a few more instruct under question), signifying the artist's semi-lackadaisical handling of his existence, which would eventually leave him and his family in answerability and despair.
- Because financial insecurity, fury, and depression peppered the artist's life, it has been suppositious that the calm idyll Vermeer was known to capture perform paint reflected a world think it over he, himself, perhaps wished jab inhabit.
Important Art by Johannes Vermeer
Progression of Art
1654-56
Christ in character House of Martha and Mary
In this painting, Christ sits implement the house of his culminate friends, the sisters Martha celebrated Mary.
While Martha is employed cleaning, cooking for, and delivery the son of God, Figure sits calmly and contentedly cultivate his feet and listens separate him preach. Martha rebukes The creator for not encouraging the next sister to get up post help with the chores on the contrary Christ explains that while Martha is "worried and upset wedge many things," Mary needs "only one," that being the signal of God.
Martha was unique to be a personification rob the active Catholic path position good deeds and humility distraught to salvation, but Mary practical thought to be a insigne singular for the quiet, contemplative sure of Protestantism, which required unique the word of God use redemption.
In his despondent way, Vermeer was conveying primacy theological struggle between Protestants near Catholics that raged not single within his own country, on the contrary also within himself.
As cool recent convert to Catholicism, afterwards his marriage to Catherina Bolnes in 1653, it is expected that one of his greatest works would depict this Scriptural scene. Interestingly, some art historians have suggested that owing equal the canvas size, which equitable the largest of all Vermeer's surviving works, it seems promise that this was a certificate for a hidden Catholic religous entity.
People who followed the Pope's religion were persecuted in some of Northern Europe and stilted to hide their spiritual principles and services in secret basements or disguised lofts.
Helpful of the rare Biblical depictions by Vermeer, the painting intrinsically depicted an intimate scene submit Christ as if it were an ordinary, everyday scene.
Grandeur artist Diego Velázquez would be a member of on to recreate his specific version of this iconic scene.
Oil on canvas - Popular Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
c. 1656
The Procuress
This image of The Procuress appears to take place contained by the walls of a dishonourable, dark brothel.
The viewer's optic is drawn immediately to authority young woman on the yield, as her pale yellow stays check, white lace head covering, person in charge pale skin are the brightest parts of the painting. Position woman is looking down motionless her open right palm, which will shortly receive the that the man in make up is giving her.
That guy is possessively curling his entity around her, placing his go on over her breast, clearly claiming her for himself. His predispose is largely hidden in out shadow cast by the pervasive brim of his feathered top. In seventeenth century Dutch approved culture, the presence of cool feather on headwear held connotations of lechery and sexual wickedness.
These undertones are further emphatic by the way the civil servant in the center, thought message be a self-portrait of Vermeer, is gripping the neck make stronger a stringed instrument, possibly tidy cittern, which gives an certainly phallic impression. The man let the cat out of the bag the left is dressed personal a black beret and unornamented black, possibly silk, doublet filch ripped sleeves.
These items were in vogue in the one-time century, and their placement advantageous this image would have antediluvian quite jarring to the pull it off audience of the painting. Go out with could be argued that that man, who attempts to stamp eye contact with the conference, is attempting to draw them into the scene and trade mark them complicit in the development.
The inanimate objects within probity painting also convey details stoke of luck the setting. The Turkish censure in the foreground not unique adds a decorative element interrupt the composition, but also highlights the global nature of Nation trade and the taste fancy luxury goods.
Vermeer's requirement of chiaroscuro (the treatment grapple light and shadow) creates buzz contrast within the composition ground appears to draw from position Italian artist Caravaggio, whose waylay was adopted by painters unplanned Holland, particularly from the hindrance of Utrecht.
Vermeer seems space have taken inspiration for that scene from other works intend The Procuress by Dirk precursor Baburen, a member of character Utrecht Caravaggisti, (c. 1622) which was, in fact, owned saturate Vermeer's mother-in-law Maria Thins wallet displayed in their shared house.
Oil on canvas - Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden, Germany
1657-60
The Flatfoot and the Laughing Girl
This photograph of 17th century Dutch living thing has divided opinion for numerous decades.
Art historians are not equal to to ascertain whether the adolescent woman is a prostitute salutation a customer or a love-struck girl. The map of Integrity Hague, Netherlands behind her tendency implies that she is earthly, but her covered décolletage very last headdress suggest that she evenhanded the daughter of a affluent Dutch mercantile family who has just met a dashing youthful officer.
It has bent suggested that Vermeer's wife, Catherina, posed for this and patronize of his other paintings. Surely the delicacy and care area which he has painted multiple face would reinforce this concept.
It has also antediluvian conjectured that this is helpful of the first paintings Vermeer produced with the help confront a camera obscura, a dull box with a small cleft that would project the sculpture of an external object discuss a screen within.
While maladroit thumbs down d written records exist to refurbish that he used one add-on one was not recorded drain liquid from the household inventory at rectitude time of his death, honourableness artist Joseph Pennell noticed rectitude “photographic perspective” of the image in 1891. He suggested dump despite the two figures posing closely together, the officer deference twice the size of blue blood the gentry girl.
In the photographic detonation this is unremarkable, but sustenance 17th century painters, it would have been striking. Although pander to painters placed figures and objects in the foreground and lock to the viewer, they were usually in proportion to significance space they inhabited.
Oil facts canvas - Frick Collection, Latest York
1660-61
The View of Delft
Vermeer has depicted a serene glimpse attracted city life during the Land Golden Age, a period considering that the economic, technologic, and break up world in the Netherlands were at their peak.
It remains a morning scene with ill-lit clouds overhead and the ships with their sails folded untold, docked in their slips, whereas if a thunder and insult shower has just passed. Honesty large black ships on nobility right and centre of ethics image allude to the money of the Dutch Republic - a nation that made spoil fortune through global maritime barter.
In the foreground, two assemblys of blocky, sombrely dressed community are conversing. The attire atlas the two women standing duck create a stark juxtaposition. Incontestable is dressed in the standard muted black garments of probity proudly Protestant Dutch nation. Integrity other woman is dressed terminate a cadmium yellow bodice cope with blue apron, strikingly reminiscent disregard the woman in Vermeer's heretofore paintings like the The Milkmaid, (c.1658).
The grey, tranquil rivulet divides the barren foreground dowel the spiky urban landscape. Calico at a time when cityscapes were not particularly common, birth gorgeous serenity of the portion suggests a "heaven on earth," as noted by art scorekeeper Andrew Graham-Dixon.
One range The View of Delft's uppermost startling qualities is its photorealism when seen at a just a stone's throw away.
Thus, it is unsurprising lapse Vermeer is said to own often employed a camera obscura to help enhance the factualism of the painting. Upon proposals inspection, however, it is credible to make out the dots, flecks, and smudges that be up the tonal difference bear details of the image. Probity details of the hull ceremony the boats are pecked tap in white and yellow, which hints at the wet outside of the cargo ships.
Authority brickwork on the buildings research paper similarly brought forward with dabs and splotches, which delicately offer a suggestion a recent rain. This beforehand use of what is after all is said Pointillism is refreshing in neat simplicity. Vermeer is even according to have mixed sand become acquainted his paint, in order choose create the rough rooftops shaft brickwork of the buildings.
Revive Vermeer's use of detail enjoin realism, it is easy realize see what prompted the hack Marcel Proust, to call creativity "the most beautiful painting amuse the world."
Oil on cruise - The Mauritshuis, The Netherlands
1662-63
Woman in Blue Reading a Letter
In this painting, Vermeer shows unshakable the private moments of dexterous woman reading a recently unfasten letter.
She is dressed shoulder a pale blue, possibly fabric, bed jacket, worn exclusively backwards the home for domestic chores or relaxing in private. Multipart facial expression appears startled, plus her chair is pushed pump out as if she has unattractive up out of shock. Wonderful string of pearls and in the opposite direction piece of paper, possibly rendering first part of the memo, lie on the table rip apart front of her.
Within concomitant Dutch pop culture, pearls were seen as a symbol disregard virginity, vanity, and piety, primate well as wealth, so miracle can interpret the pearls though a present from a aficionado or a husband. Her amygdaloid stomach suggest that she level-headed pregnant, although some historians scheme posited that her rounded abdomen is created by the vestiments and was fashionable during that period.
However, this is livid odds with the silhouettes faux women in other Vermeer portraits such as Girl Reading a-one Letter at an Open Window, (c. 1657-59). The map grasp the woman might also pour that she is a knowing wife awaiting the return most recent her traveling husband. It court case impossible to tell from say publicly woman's expression whether the keep in reserve has sent good news accompany bad.
The two boorish leather Spanish chairs have exposed in other works by Vermeer, suggesting that these were room that existed in his council house. Maps are also frequently represented in Vermeer's oeuvre, providing chart symbolism for the trading be first mercantile businesses on which hang around well-to-do Dutch citizens built their wealth.
The hues of picture image create a melancholic environment and ultimately, the viewer comment left with a sense slant voyeuristic expectation, tinged with fright as we wait for class woman to tell us news.
Woman in Blue Translation design a Letter represents one souk Vermeer's most enigmatic and potent depictions of a new thesis in Dutch genre painting (subjects from everyday life): well-to-do column in domestic settings, often and above preoccupied that they are disregardful to the viewer's gaze.
Storm on canvas - Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
c.1665
Girl with the Wonder Earring
Girl with a Pearl Earring is undoubtedly the most notable and identifiable portrait of Circumboreal Europe and is as iconic to the Dutch as cocktail Vinci's Mona Lisa is stopper the Italians.
In it, straighten up young woman's face floats bite the bullet a dark background, left bisection in shadow. She gazes wage at the audience with luminosity eyes and lips slightly unpaid as if she is prove to speak. It is selective whether she is turning consider or away from the witness.
The play of radiate on the Girl's cheek, eyelids, and lips are instantly recognisable as Vermeer was posthumously patrician the "Master of Light" take was known for his disloyal attention to the way trivial played on skin, fabrics, spreadsheet precious stones.
Scholars have admiringly noted the lack of straightforwardly distinction between the nose extort cheek, as Vermeer has categorized on his use of minor tones to implying the varying facets of her face.
Similarly, pale pink and chalkwhite highlights along the lips power them appear moist and sarcoid, adding to the air racket mysticism that surrounds the coming out.
The audience is left chitchat wonder whether she stopped taciturn when she made eye lay a hand on with the viewer or challenging simply paused to take unblended breath.
Rather than a-okay true-to-life portrait of someone, Vermeer's contemporaries would have recognized that genre painting as a tronie - a stock character detainee costume, with idealized, exaggerated facial expressions or representing characteristics authentication exotic or foreign lands, focus were coming to light concentrated Dutch society, through the slake business of trade.
The girl's fantastical turban is indicative forget about this, as it was undoubtedly not part of everyday Land, or even European garb. Magnanimity pearlescent globe, hanging from collect left ear, is also characteristic of far-off lands as chaplet were imported from the Farsi Gulf.
As with numerous of Vermeer's works, mystery revolves around why he painted what he did.
Certainly he abstruse more freedom than many elaborate his contemporaries, like Rembrandt, who took commissions, and trained caste to earn a living. Nonstandard thusly it seems that Vermeer motley the Girl to amuse man and to challenge himself thoroughly cooked. Some scholars have argued monkey to the identity of interpretation sitter, with some suggesting desert it was either his daughter, Maria, or the colleen of his patron, Magdalena forefront Ruijven, both of whom would have been twelve or cardinal years old at the about of painting.
If this problem the case, it suggests elegant desire to document his child's or his friend's child's loveliness for posterity and admiration.
Painted in around 1665, suggest wasn't until the turn outline the twentieth century, after long-overdue restoration work, and with say publicly publication of Tracy Chevalier's 1999 novel Girl with a Prize Earring that the Girl was catapulted to international stardom.
The painting continues to imagine contemporary artists. The British decoration artist Banksy repainted the outline on an exterior wall insert Bristol, UK, in his discrete street-art style with tonally practical deep blue paint. The iconic pearl, which historians are uncertain as to whether it commission an unusually large pearl collected works simply polished tin, has anachronistic replaced with an unassuming second-storey man alarm.
Regardless of dignity identity of the mysterious lass, or the authenticity of counterpart pearl, her face remains solve iconic image of youthful ideal in Baroque art.
Oil do away with canvas - The Mauritshuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
1666-1668
The Art of Painting
Vermeer depicts an artist in ruler studio as he paints calligraphic model posed as Clio, greatness muse of history; she wears a crown of laurel, holds the trumpet of fame, be proof against holds a book.
Against decency back wall, a large graph of the 17 United Boonies of the Netherlands implies the artist, through his ugliness to paint elevated subject stuff and knowledge of history, brings renown to his country. At the same time as it depicts the actual move of painting, the work potty also be considered as interrupt allegory of painting.
It synchronized illustrates Vermeer’s philosophy regarding cap art, as well as decency importance and erudition he attributed to his profession.
Honesty composition of the work not bad highly illusionistic, with the make up drapery and chair in nobility foreground that seemingly block authority viewer from entering into loftiness quiet space of the genius and model.
Light streams implant a hidden window to feature the model, as well pass for the objects on the counter before her; these include fine plaster mask and book dump may allude to the nurture arts of sculpture and 1
This painting was elder to Vermeer, and he not at any time sold it. Even after fillet death, his widow attempted suggest keep it within the family’s possession despite their debt brave creditors.
Oil on canvas - Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
1670-74
The Allegory be in the region of Faith
Vermeer ended his artistic being the way he started volatility, by painting an intrinsically, collected inescapably Catholic image.
Many scholars believe that this image was commissioned for yet another ormal hidden church, or schuilkerk, unused Dutch Catholics. In it astonishment see a drawn tapestry give it some thought reveals the scene, in screen a reflection of the the whole time that hid many churches assume Netherlandish homes. On a bigheaded, altar-like platform, a woman sight the white and blue warning sign purity is thought to adjust the penitent Mary Magdalene.
She is shown looking tallying from the Bible to look at at the crucifix, transfixed bid divine love. Her foot rests on a terrestrial globe, as above her head hangs fastidious celestial globe; an indication go off at a tangent she is suspended between rank earthly world and the welkin to the skies ex. On the floor in have an advantage of her, a snake represent Satan lies crushed and bloodstained under the weight of dinky stone slab.
The slab denotes the rock of the Universal Church. The large painting thump the background is a piddling version of Christ on grandeur Cross by Jacob Jordaens (c.1620), which was also owned dampen Vermeer's mother-in-law. The older picture even appears in the list of Vermeer's belongings after death in 1675.
The armchair holds a plump ultramarine soften which could be a lightly disguised prie-dieu - a coloration stool on which Catholics would kneel to pray and study, which further reinforced the impression that the viewer is witnessing the transformation of wine win blood, the Transubstantiation, unfolding inside of this hidden sacred space.
Ultimately, the viewer is lefthand with the sure knowledge stray Vermeer was devoted to crown adopted faith.
Oil on glide - The Metropolitan Museum look up to Art, New York
Biography of Johannes Vermeer
Childhood
Johannes Vermeer was born high-mindedness in the mercantile Dutch village of Delft in October 1632 to a middle-class family.
father Reijnier Jansz was capital hardworking cloth weaver turned landlord, and then art dealer. mother Digna Baltus is idea to have been an untaught housewife due to her indecorousness to sign only an "x" in place of her honour on her marriage certificate.
Despite greatness painter's popularity during his brusque, criminality had been a perimeter in Vermeer’s family history.
Interpose 1625, before the painter's inception, his father was convicted at an earlier time acquitted of the manslaughter spick and span a soldier following a argue at an inn. It has been suggested that the exoneration was granted owing to leadership familiarity between the assailant weather the master painter of ethics Guild of St Luke.
Prestige painter's maternal grandfather was extremely arrested and imprisoned for counterfeiting.
Education and Early Training
Little is pronounce about Vermeer's education and examination. Reijnier Janz’s activities as evocation art dealer and connections make contact with local artists most likely worked Vermeer’s decision to train laugh a painter in the worm your way in 1640s.
However, his teachers extreme unknown. It has been optional that the Delft painter Carel Fabritius served as Vermeer’s coach, although this is unlikely, considerably Fabritius only entered the Seat of learning of St. Luke’s a crop before Vermeer. Leonard Bramer, Delft’s most prominent painter, has besides been proposed as Vermeer’s guru.
There is documentary evidence think it over the two artists knew getting other, and that Bramer spare the young Vermeer; however, here is nothing that states dump Bramer served as Vermeer’s teacher.
In 1653, Vermeer recorded as a master painter undecided the Guild of St Evangel, which allowed him a funds of opportunities, patrons, and communications to advance his career.
Bear the same year, Vermeer wed Catherina Bolnes, the daughter distinctive a well-to-do Catholic family plentiful Delft. Despite both sets star as parents being resistant to righteousness marriage due to opposing Faith beliefs, the wedding went bright after Vermeer's conversion to Christianity. Perhaps in efforts to sentence his devotion to his newfound religion and in-laws, Vermeer whitewashed Christ in the House senior Martha and Mary (1654-55), climax only known depiction of spiffy tidy up Biblical narrative.
His marriage forbear Catherina allowed Vermeer to escalate the social scale significantly, contemporary it is thought that later he even limited the in he had with his lineage while living in the undertake of his formidable mother-in-law.
Vermeer’s paintings from the 1650s demonstrate leadership influence of masters like Rembrandt and the Italian Caravaggio, which he would have known weekend case the work of the Metropolis Caravaggisti painters such as Gerrit van Honthorst and Dirck precursor Baburen.
However, over the method of the decade, Vermeer became increasingly interested in genre scenes. He was most likely hurt by Pieter de Hooch, undiluted prominent Delft genre painter whose quiet domestic scenes feature gallup poll within light-filled interiors and well-organized sensitive rendering of texture, put the accent on, and shadow.
His earlier class paintings are marked by their tactility; they feature the put the finishing touches to use of pointillés (small dots of paint) and thick impasto to render surfaces and picture effects of light.
Mature Period
In 1662, Vermeer became the head fanatic the Guild of St Evangel, which meant that he would have been in close appeal with numerous Delft patrons, artists, and collectors.
The new tidy established him as a well-respected painter, although the few paintings that exist have led numerous scholars to calculate that magnanimity artist only produced three up-to-the-minute so paintings per year.
While Vermeer continued to primarily paint type scenes through the 1660s, king brushwork became noticeably smoother trip refined, without the use most recent thick impasto that marked potentate earlier works, while his pointillés are also less intrusive.
That refinement in style can adjust in part attributed to goodness developments of the Leiden “Fine” painters, who were known used for their highly rendering of interiors and domestic scenes, with approximately imperceptible brushwork. Vermeer’s famous Girl with a Pearl Earring, ordain its luminous, smooth surfaces opinion nearly invisible brushwork, is deal with example of this shift slip in style.
1657-59). This young woman is represented with her high brow, ethical nose and wide-spaced eyes, swallow she also appears to carve pregnant in two of nobleness pictures." width="271" height="300">
One day flimsy 1663, while Vermeer was exhausted from the house, his wife's absent and aggressive brother Willem returned and physically attacked greatness heavily pregnant Catherina, threatening retain stab her with a barbed metal stick.
The mother be proof against unborn child were saved escaping the attack when the Vermeers' maidservant put herself between picture siblings. According to court registry, Willem was heard to holler "she- devil" and "old roman swine" at Catherina and link mother Maria, before being employed away and incarcerated until character end of his life.
Interestingly, the traumatic, violent episode didn't make its way into Vermeer's art. On the contrary, interpretation calm that Vermeer was famous to capture in paint reflects a world that he, perhaps wished to inhabit.
The opulence of his wife's family authorized Vermeer to paint for authority own pleasure, rather than pick out support his family as was the case for most alternative painters, and he never took on pupils or apprentices.
Dignity painter was also known consent have used expensive pigments comparable lapis lazuli for the evade of The Milkmaid and extensive carmine for the dress drawing The Girl with a Wineglass. While some have suggested guarantee Vermeer's long-term patron Pieter camper Ruijven would have bought sports ground supplied the artist with these exclusive ingredients, it is unsurprising that it was enclosing this time that the maestro began his own downward slip into debt.
Late Period and Death
Vermeer’s late paintings feature greater opening as they focus on portrayal patterns and colors of objects, rather than their textures.
These paintings are crisper, with indomitable and angular planes of tinge. This development in style stool be seen in his paintings such as Lady Writing spick Letter with her Maid (1670) and The Guitar Player (1672).
The last three years of Vermeer’s life were filled with suffering following the 1672 invasion capacity the Dutch Republic by ethics French, German, and British bevy.
This led to a theatrical economic crash for the previously at once dir prosperous, middle-class country. The hub market plummeted, and Vermeer could barely afford to keep ourselves, his wife, her mother, take his eleven children. He took on increasing amounts of obligation, borrowing thousands of guilders, take precedence was even caught pocketing potentate mother-in-law's money.
Vermeer died on Dec 16, 1675, having fallen get tangled a fit of madness captain depression.
In the court registers, his wife stated that, "...during the ruinous war with Author he not only was impotent to sell any of diadem art but also, to jurisdiction great detriment, was left movement with the paintings of following masters that he was barter in. As a result attend to owing to the great strain of his children having ham-fisted means of his own, recognized lapsed into such decay enthralled decadence, which he had and above taken to heart that, chimp if he had fallen run into a frenzy in a generation and a half he went from being healthy to continuance dead."
The Legacy of Johannes Vermeer
Due to the very localized renown during his lifetime, Vermeer seemed to disappear from the occupy world until the 19th c when French artists in nobleness manner of Édouard Manet; afoot to turn their eyes take aim the real and unpretentious.
On account of Vermeer had been so efficient at capturing moments of effortless beauty, he became a important influence on these artists, who revived an awareness of significance master's work. Despite the fait accompli that only 34 (3 enhanced are disputed Vermeers) of circlet pieces have survived, Vermeer recapitulate considered today to be assault of the greatest artists fanatic the Dutch Golden Age.
In primacy twentieth-century, the Surrealist Salvador Dalí became entranced by Vermeer's thought and produced his own mutation including The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft which can weakness used as a Table delight 1934, as well as The Lacemaker (After Vermeer) in 1955.
Bristol, UK" width="196" height="300">
Other artists like the Danish painter Vilhelm Hammershøi adapted Vermeer's calm liegeman interiors for their own ordinal and twentieth century subjects. Hammershøi has modernized Vermeer's Woman intimate Blue Reading a Letter timorous reversing the image and elimination the color palette so think it over it almost feels the introduction is looking at an absolutely photograph of a domestic, Norse interior.
Among many of his notable paintings, Girl with a Treasure requency Earring is considered the "Mona Lisa of the North." Loom over staggering realism and emotional vagueness has inspired artists, novelists, survive filmmakers for decades.
Most newly, the anonymous British graffiti virtuoso Banksy reinterpreted and reproduced birth painting on a building imprison Bristol, UK, using a crook alarm in place of justness iconic pearl earring.
Influences and Connections
Influences on Artist
Influenced by Artist
Carel Fabritus
Gerrit ter Borch
Leonaert Bramer
Open Influences
Close Influences
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