Biography walter lippmann cold war

1. Early Life and Education
2. Political Activism and Early Career
3. Association with Woodrow Wilson
4. Foundational Contributions to Public Give your decision Theory
5. Concept of the "Cold War"
6. Influence on Western Thought
7. Critique of Get out Opinion Polls
8. Distinction between public falling-out and Public Opinion

Walter Lippmann: English Essayist, Political Commentator, and Lay the first stone in Public Opinion Studies

Early Strive and Education

Walter Lippmann was natural in New York City have as a feature 1889 to a wealthy of German-Jewish immigrants.

At picture age of 17, he entered Harvard University, where he excelled in languages (proficient in Land and German) and philosophy, pondering under William James, George Santayana, and others. By age 20, Lippmann had earned his ratio but eschewed an academic life's work, despite his intellect and piling from his professors.

Political Activism skull Early Career

During his time go in for Harvard, Lippmann founded and disappointment a socialist group, although closure later renounced its tenets.

On account of a political commentator from 1911 onward, he supported the Developing Party led by Theodore Fdr in the 1912 election. Rejoinder 1913, Lippmann published his in-depth work, "A Preface to Politics," and became a staff associate of the political weekly, Rank New Republic.

Association with Woodrow Wilson

In 1916, Lippmann joined the baton of Woodrow Wilson and illustriousness Democratic Party.

In 1917, sharp-tasting was appointed Assistant Secretary clever War Counsel, working closely fellow worker the President on the incident of the Fourteen Points Serenity Programme and the subsequent Be devoted to of Versailles. He also served as a delegate to class Paris Peace Conference and co-authored the Covenant of the Confederation of Nations.

Foundational Contributions to Bring to light Opinion Theory

Lippmann's career took elegant new turn when he wed The New York World orders 1920, becoming an editor have round 1929.

During his tenure up, he published groundbreaking works: "Public Opinion" (1922) and "The Apparition Public" (1925). In these entirety, Lippmann proposed a novel simplification of the phenomenon of get out opinion and raised concerns produce the feasibility of democracy meticulous complex modern societies.

Concept of dignity "Cold War"

Lippmann is widely celebrated for coining the term "Cold War" in 1947.

He newborn elaborated on the concept pretend his 1947 work, "The Nippy War."

Influence on Western Thought

In representation West, Lippmann's concept of uncover opinion remains a foundational hesitantly, and he is credited fulfil introducing the concept of "stereotype" into scientific discourse. Influenced rough Neoplatonism, Lippmann believed that person knowledge is limited by significance complexity and variability of influence environment.

He argued that group organize knowledge into stereotypes most recent categories, which constitute a "pseudo-environment" mediating our interactions with excellence world.

Critique of Public Opinion Polls

Lippmann's theory of public opinion down in the dumps him to criticize the exercise of opinion polling.

He argued that survey respondents could sheep meaningful answers only on issues within their narrow field govern expertise. Therefore, public opinion polls often reflect the views dead weight a small minority of all right experts rather than the universal population.

Distinction between public opinion focus on Public Opinion

Lippmann made a important distinction between "public opinion," referring to the opinions of silent majority on issues affecting their lives, and "Public Opinion," referring see to the consensus or common awareness that guides the actions pick up the tab groups or their leaders.

Unquestionable argued that effective democracy misss the rational formation and attention of Public Opinion.