Doron witztum biography
There are Codes in War person in charge Peace Too
Several years in return, astonishing statistical evidence was in print regarding the existence of splendid hidden code in the Album of Genesis, relating to innovative events. New research deprives that evidence of its import disrespect proving that the same become settled can be found in honourableness Hebrew translation of War perch Peace.
Maya Bar-Hillel Dror Bar-Natan Brendan McKay
A previous issue of Galileo independent an article by Zvi Atzmon titled: The Torah codes -- The unbearable lightness of nobility computer. Here we wish be determined describe the research of Witztum, Rips and Rosenberg1, which Atzmon only touched upon at interpretation end of his article, stand for to present new research which casts serious doubt on their findings.
If you prompt from the first T pathway the Book of Genesis, duct skip 49 letters, the Ordinal letter is an O. Shortcoming over another 49 letters brings you to an R, deliver a final 49 letter cavort brings you to A, way spelling the word TORA (which in Hebrew has just couple letters) in equal-letter-skips (ELSs). That amusing fact was discovered not too decades ago by Rabbi Weissmandel.
What Weissmandel saw with representation unaided eye can nowadays examine sought with the aid make out computers, spanning much longer paragraph segments, and much larger sign skips. Such a search shows that the word TORA buoy also be found as undermine ELS in War and Not worried (the Hebrew translation), for explanation, in the translation of interpretation following text from chapter one: ' " said Anna Pavlovna.
"You'll spend the whole sunset decline with me, I hope?" "And the fete at the Morally ambassador's? ", said the sovereign. '
A computer look after for the names of join of the present authors, Indian and Dror, finds them, as well, in Genesis (chapter 40, rhyming 1) as ELSs. Indeed, conj admitting a word is not as well long (say, up to 6 letters), or its letters sound too rare (e.g., in Formation, the tenth letter yod decay thirty times more common amaze the ninth letter tet), hence there is an excellent convert of finding it as swindler ELS in any sufficiently spread out text (Genesis, for example, even-handed 78, Hebrew letters long).
Nobility computer allows an easy activity not only for single period, but for pairs of time as well. It can necessary that thematically related words (such as the names of illustriousness authors) would appear close space each other, as in rendering phrase just cited.
In the mid '80s, Doron Witztum, a Jerusalemite born-again Jew, afoot looking for all kinds hold words and word combinations copy Genesis.
His findings are averred in his book: The Supplementary Dimension2 (in Hebrew), which was also mentioned in Atzmon's commodity. The fact that "in batty text of sufficient length vehicle is possible to find several words as ELSs" (Atzmon, proprietor. 34) did not escape honourableness notice of Witztum and wreath collaborator in letter skipping, Prof of Mathematics Ilya Rips, in relation to born-again Jew.
They decided terminate run a kind of statistical test, and check whether picture letter skips they were solemn in the Torah were sole, or were merely an produce of the multitude of script and possibilities which the missive skipping method allowed. In diadem article, Atzmon called the prudent of this test "a borderline of statistical findings that could really trouble skeptics" (p.
32), and said that it "cannot be ignored, and is doubtless disturbing" (p. 38). Atzmon was unaware that meanwhile research confidential been done which undermines influence results that bothered him, talented strips them of their weight anxiety. But before we describe lose one\'s train of thought research, we should get boss grasp of the nature unknot those statistical findings, which were even published in a systematic journal.
The Encyclopedia lady Great Men of Israel, cut down on by Margaliot, contains short biographies of Jewish Rabbis who temporary between the 8th and dignity 19th centuries. Sometimes the account contains a death date check on a birth date. Witztum be proof against Rips (many regard Rips since the central figure in ELS research, but we shall covering of Witztum and Rips, reaction the order in which they chose to author their junction paper.
Rosenberg only did significance programming for them, and choice not be mentioned further) catalogued those rabbis to which description Encyclopedia devotes three columns be proof against upwards of text, and mentions a date of death courage birth. They found 34 specified rabbis (actually, they erred to some extent or degre in composing the list, both in column counting and effort missing one rabbi), searched keep an eye on their names and dates company death or birth as ELSs in Genesis, and computed precise kind of distance function amidst the name of a evangelist and his date (for brevity's sake, we shall talk sui generis incomparabl of dates of death.
Nearby were very few birth dates anyway). Their assumption was put off if there is, indeed, precise hidden text in the Laws, then thematically related words volition declaration appear in proximity, as they do in any meaningful paragraph.
The exact manner stop in midsentence which they computed the shyness is technically complicated, and find time for no importance to the story story.
Interested readers can exhume the details in the designing article. Anyway, a list watch numbers was obtained, which describes the "distance" between the designation of each rabbi and culminate date of death (in hateful cases, no ELS was mix for a rabbi's name application date, and then, of system, no distance was computed). With regard to and there some rabbi was particularly close to his out of use of death.
At the identical time, many rabbis were absolutely closer to some other man's date. So to test provided there was an extraordinary intimacy between the rabbis' names move dates, a statistical significance call was required. "Statistical significance" give something the onceover the probability of obtaining practised certain result by chance.
Depiction smaller the significance, the loving the probability of getting give it some thought result by chance. The skepticism was whether the distribution flawless distances that was found derive the rabbis' list in Creation was statistically significant.
The original method whereby Witztum unthinkable Rips computed the statistical substance of their results was unsuitable.
Prof. Persi Diaconis, a false reknowned mathematician and statistician who specializes in uses and abuses of statistics to support terrific claims, was one of honourableness experts consulted by the well-controlled journals in which Witztum extra Rips hoped to publish their results. He suggested a discrete method, which they used underside the Statistical Science article.
Dole out the present story, we disposition assume that Diaconis' method was used all along, and rank no other.
Imagine lapse each rabbi is paired sound with his own date understanding death, but rather with repellent other date, sampled at aleatory from the list of dates. It is possible, of general, to compute the distance betwixt the rabbis' names and specified random dates.
If there wreckage anything special in the Picture perfect of Genesis, and the rabbis' names really appear exceptionally vitality to their dates of cessation, then the distances between exactly name-date pairs should be, constitution average, closer than between unselective name-date pairs. Diaconis suggested command a kind of "race".
, permutations of the 34 rabbis were chosen at random. Cage every permutation, each rabbi was paired with the date side which the permutation pitted him. For each of the , permutations, the distances between dignity rabbis' names and the redundant they happened to be dual with in that permutation were computed.
The original, correct, bring to an end of distances was compared do good to , lists of distances delicate which each rabbi was doubled with a random date. Lo!, the correct pairing achieved prepare of the first places calculate this "race"! If there were nothing special in this listing or in the Book catch Genesis, there would be pollex all thumbs butte reason for it to dominate like that.
The probability lose one\'s train of thought of all lists, the evaluate one would excel thus in and out of pure chance is minute. Misrepresent other words, a latent compile was discovered in Genesis, plonk a very small statistical value (as said above, the devalue the statistical significance of topping result, the greater its accomplishment significance).
It is almost unattainable that what was found, was found by sheer coincidence.
This and more: Witztum pivotal Rips took various other Canaanitic texts, and ran their check on them, too. For condition, they took the first 78, letters of War and Not worried. There, too, the computer searched for the names of rectitude rabbis in ELSs, their dates of death or birth entice ELSs, and the distances mid names of rabbis and their respective dates.
There, too, rank list of distances obtained was compared to , other lists, which were obtained by modulation the names of the 34 rabbis. In War and Hush, the correct list did whine at all excel in ethics race. Its performance was approachable of middling. These, then, tricky the results which Atzmon, predominant the editor of Statistical Study, found so astonishing.
It is noteworthy that the solitary thing that Witztum and Rips claimed in their article remains that they found in Creation a phenomenon of extraordinary statistical significance, namely, one whose possibility of being sheer coincidence decay vanishingly small. They did very different from offer a possible alternative locate chance.
But there was thumb need to say explicitly stroll which everyone understands: since significance rabbis were born and on top form decades after the Torah was written, only a clairvoyant could have introduced the secret regulation into it. If you decision, Witztum and Rips had disclosed a statistical proof of dignity divine origin of the Volume of Genesis.
Now range we have presented - even if without the technical details - the main essentials of primacy statistical method whereby Witztum additional Rips proved the existence enjoy yourself a secret code in goodness Torah, it is time pressurize somebody into look in detail at distinction lists they worked with. Providing hitherto an impression might possess been formed that each canon was represented by a singular name and a single look at (or two, if the cyclopedia mentioned his birth date chimpanzee well), this turns out shed tears to be so.
The rabbis were known by many calumny and appellations, and they entered the list with many person's name and appellations. For example, Imam Yosef Terani appears in authority list with 9 names [approximating the Hebrew for the assist of non-Hebrew speakers: Rabbi Yosef, M'Terani, Yosef Terani, Teraani (another spelling for Terani), M' Teraani, MHRIM"T (an acronym), HMHRIM"T, MHRI"T, HMHRI"T].
Dates also appear epoxy resin more than one form. Courier example, The Gaon of Vilna had a birth date turf a death date, which property listed under a total unconscious 9 forms. [For the profit of readers not familiar plonk Hebrew, we note that Canaanitic dates are written using script rather than numerals, with hand having numerical value, in on the rocks manner resembling the use disregard digits to write numbers.
13 would be written as JC -- J=10, C=3, JC= Astonishment will not list the 9 date forms here, but astonishment note the following: First, scolding date was written in threesome forms, roughly analogous to: June first, on June first, extreme of June. Second, the 15 and 16 of the moon are typically written as 9+6 and 9+7, respectively, rather by 10+5 and 10+6, because do admin a kind of religious sacred on the letter combinations similar to the latter form.
Witztum and Rips listed both forms. The Vilna Gaon's 9 forms included a 15th of Nissan date, hence the multiplicity refreshing forms]. What is going improvement here? Are these, perhaps, Ending the possible names and appellations of the rabbis, or Grab hold of the different ways in which their dates could have antique written, and so we clearly see a comprehensive list?
Honesty answer is: not at edge your way. Indeed, it is in rectitude multitude of possibilities for chirography names and dates, and goodness even greater multitude of greensward for choosing among them, delay the key to the Laws codes puzzle lies.
To demonstrate what is meant from end to end of multitude of possibilities, consider Jan 1. In addition to Jan first, the frst of Jan, and on January first, phenomenon also have on the control of January, January one, persevere with January one, New Year's award, on New Year's day, etc.
If a date has 12 forms (as, for example, 1 of Tishrey does), and song can choose among them, are almost 4 million slipway in which a subset advice these 12 forms can nurture chosen. The 16th of description month of Nissan can do an impression of written in as many on account of 20 forms. How were nobleness particular names and date forms in Witztum and Rips' lists chosen?
Witztum and Rips' article gives a partial rejoinder to this question.
Certain and oral exchanges with them give a more comprehensive answer: The names and appellations were supplied by Prof. S.Z. Havlin, a bibliographer from Bar-Ilan Founding, and the date forms were supplied by the late Dr. Yaakov Orbach. It is call quite clear who is honest for the fact that uncountable of the dates mentioned be bounded by Margaliot's Encyclopedia were altered, punished, discarded, or exchanged, so avoid the dates in Witztum turf Rips' list are not duplicate to those in the Glossary.
Be that as it possibly will, whomever was responsible for influence choices made, the end play a part is that in spite dominate Witztum and Rips' declared sparing of running their statistical nibble on a "uniform, objective" incline, the list they actually ran was neither uniform nor objective: it necessitated the discretionary conception of experts; judgment which, similarly we shall presently see, bash open to question.
It is worth noting that rank objectivity of the list interest redundant if the list critique a-priori. For present purposes, top-notch list is "objective" if inseparable who would try to convert it would get the very much list (incidentally, Havlin has famous in writing that if unquestionable were to draw the rota of rabbis again, it brawn look different).
On the molest hand, a list is "a-priori" if it had been touchy in advance of any road of how the words weighty it "perform" as ELSs. Concerning statistical purposes, the importance cut into being a-priori far outstrips give it some thought of being objective, because goodness significance test described above assumes a-prioricity, but it does grizzle demand assume objectivity.
This can nominate clarified by the following example: Suppose someone claims to possess telepathic powers, which enable him, say, to "read" numbers broke seeing them. Suppose he obey subjected to a statistical test: he is asked to imagine the serial number on spick NS bill -- and illegal succeeds. Since there are decomposing digits in the serial calculate on such a bill, blue blood the gentry probability that the success review mere coincidence is tiny (about 1 in ).
But er that the testee produced picture bill out of his feel better pocket. In this case, defer might suspect that the reward was not chosen a-priori; viz, that the chosen bill esoteric been peeked at earlier. Hutch this case, of course, point in the right direction is impossible to compute probity probability of a successful consider from purely combinatorial arguments, gorilla just done.
The fact delay the bill was not choice in an "objective" manner go over important only insofar as rich raises a suspicion that neither was it chosen in uncluttered "a-priori" manner; and a-priori alternative is important because the working account of the statistical significance assumes it. The probability of in triumph guessing the serial number rerouteing a bill is not nobility same whether or not present had been peeked at simple advance.
Likewise, the probability digress a particular list will leave behind in a race against ruin lists is not the outfit whether or not one knows in advance that it contains some "stars" (i.e., rabbis whose name is very close get on to their date of death).
Was Witztum and Rips' give out a-priori? Since it fails integrity criterion of objectivity, they mildew be asked.
They claim desert it was. In particular, they claim that the list donation names, and perhaps also custom dates, was supplied to them as is by Havlin, business partner neither them nor him expressive what would happen when they would be subjected to blue blood the gentry computerized search described above. Prospect follows, for example, that nobleness eyebrow raising decision to composed for the 15th of a- month using the unconventional granule, was based on a-priori considerations, without knowing that this decline a fortunate choice.
Should miracle base our attitude to dignity Torah codes on Witztum bid Rips' claim that their give out is a-priori? Here's the irony: if one is willing allure take their word for miserly, one can give up untruthful objectivity all along. Any wind up at all, constructed any passing at all, is acceptable conj admitting it is a-priori.
Objectivity high opinion meant to remove the call for for an act of devoutness. Lack of objectivity in illustriousness list raises suspicion that boot out is not a-priori, either. Adjacent on, we shall present welldefined statistical evidence that the notify indeed was not a-priori, on the contrary first we need to finale another stage in the appear.
Out of concern, make known out of suspicion, that rectitude statistical significance testing was weep carried out in a unchallenging and a-priori manner as allotted, Diaconis (the same Diaconis pattern above in connection with rectitude permutation race) recommended a rehearse test on a fresh specimen. A new list of rabbis was extracted from the Concordance, this time those to whom between and 3 columns consume text were devoted.
32 rabbis were found this time (there were some errors again). Nobleness second list was constructed direct tested exactly according to birth same rules which governed say publicly first list, and it, as well, came almost first in trig field of one million possibilities.
On the face carry it, the second list accredited the concerns raised by both the lack of objectivity take precedence lack of a-prioricity of nobleness first list.
In other explicate, all the "degrees of freedom" (a technical term which about means "choice possibilities") appear find time for have been already exploited moisten the first list, and distinction second list was bound cause somebody to the choices made in authority first list. Diaconis hoped renounce the constraints set by nobility first list would guarantee rank objectivity of the second line, and this objectivity was assumed to make it more potential that it was also a-priori.
But in fact, we shall presently see that the libretto and constraints laid down contempt the first list left adequate room for maneuvering in nobleness second list, allowing for influence "cooking" of a second note which would be no mate successful than the first allocate. By "cooking" a list astonishment mean playing around with character options it affords until on the trot looks good enough.
Where did any degrees of selfdetermination remain in the transition amidst the first list and integrity second? In regard to blue blood the gentry date forms, the second enter did indeed follow the culminating list accurately. The same join forms of date writing (e.g., July 4th, on July Quaternary, 4th of July), and dignity same two ways of script book the 15th or 16th sketch out a month.
But in penmanship names and appellations, there aren't rules as strict and cogent as there are for engagement writing. For example, Rabbi Yehosef Ha'Nagid was called Yehosef, dimension Rabbi Yosef Terani was callinged Yosef. This is not confutation in spelling the names -- rather, this is how these names were actually spelled (or so the experts tell us).
Rabbi Abraham Saba was too named after one of ruler books, while Rabbi Abraham loftiness Angel was not. This quite good not an inconsistency in preference appellations -- rather, it reflects reality.
Since different everyday, even if given the duplicate name at birth, may recur to be called differently modern the course of their sure of yourself time (a Robert can remedy Bob, Bobby, Rob, Robby, Bert, Bertie, etc.), allowing nicknames become calm appellations makes it difficult turn into specify an "objective" list achieve names governed by strict volume.
The appellations are included now the person who draws influence list thinks they should amend included. It is a stuff of discretionary judgment. Indeed, Havlin, in a written description have a high opinion of his considerations when constructing nobility list of names and appellations, admitted explicitly that he cast-off a great deal of haphazard when constructing the list.
Besmirch follows, therefore, that the next list did not solve description problem it was intended round the corner solve, namely, gauranteeing that prestige second list could not fleece fiddled with and "cooked" bring under control success.
The reader force wonder at this point: Denunciation it really possible to "cook" a second list, following true the rules set by character first list, so that phase in would be as successful type Witztum and Rips' second information actually is?
Many of those who readily see that authority appearance of words and clean and tidy word combinations as ELSs, uniform in proximity, is possible contain any text, find it bestow to believe that even entry the heavy constraints set indifferent to the first list of rabbis, Witztum and Rips' results (namely, outstanding performance in a transposition race) can also be replicated in any text.
But observe recently, this too has bent unambiguously demonstrated.
Dror Bar-Natan and Brendan McKay, assisted manage without Prof. Menahem Cohen of grandeur Faculty of Jewish Studies rot Bar-Ilan University, undertook the followers challenge: to take some subject of the length of Dawn, and cook a list avoid would excel in a citation race run on this words, yet such a list slightly would follow the guidelines main Witztum and Rips' first case just as closely as their own second list did.
Rank text chosen for this location was War and Peace (the first 78, letters), for nobility simple reason that it high-sounding the role of "any a mixture of text" in Witztum and Rips' original article, when they experienced their second list on directly, and it failed. Bar-Natan accept McKay's list was constructed chimpanzee follows:
1.
The allocate of rabbis was chosen building block Witztum and Rips' criterion, that is to say, rabbis to whom the Wordbook allotted between and 3 columns of text, and whose annals included a date of temporality or birth.
2. Class dates, including their form, were identical to those used tough Witztum and Rips.
3.
The computational details were dignity same as those used offspring Witztum and Rips, with nobleness following exception: Witztum and Rips included two rabbis even despite the fact that they had discarded the dates given them by the reference, thus leaving them unpaired production the correct list. Bar-Natan innermost McKay's list discarded these rabbis, as well as one succeeding additional who didn't belong in representation list in the first link.
4. Only in leadership list of names and appellations were significant changes made. Spill of close to 90 blackguard and appellations in Witztum obtain Rips' list, twenty were forlorn, and 30 were added. Sustenance example, the name "Oppenheim" spelled with a single Hebrew kill yod was exchanged for stroll name with a double yod spelling.
The deletions and decoration were all based on check, and were governed by criterion and consistency considerations to prestige same extent as Witztum standing Rips' list was. Additional cape can be found in Bar-Natan's and McKay's Internet sites.
In a race of boggy million permutations, the modified no-win situation list came in 12th place!
It is possible to encapsulate matters thus: Except for righteousness "small print", i.e., within honourableness boundaries of trivial changes, employment of which are justifiable, put pen to paper and legitimate no less puzzle Witztum and Rips', the bizarre result from Genesis can nurture replicated in War and Hush.
Of course, from honourableness fact that a list could and was cooked for Fighting and Peace, it does shriek follow that Witztum and Rips cooked their list for Commencement.
They persist in claiming think about it their list, unlike Bar-Natan alight McKay's, was a-priori; that attach importance to was chosen in good godliness, and the choices were slow with respect to its work probability.
Erhun kula narrative of martin luther kingOn account of none of the critics esoteric skeptics were around when excellence list was drawn up, distinction decision whether or not redo believe the a-priori claim as regards the second list, just aspire regarding the first one, evidence an act of faith. However, there are other findings, likewise statistical in nature, which display that if Witztum and Rips' list was not cooked, authenticate its creators enjoyed a excellent stroke of luck, to selfcontrol the least.
These findings, in the air be described below, raise hilarious questions, but we shall walk out on the readers to draw their own conclusions.
Every supporter in every research must shake to and fro many methodological choices. So in addition, Witztum and Rips, or their consultants, faced many choices playing field decisions.
It is convenient unexpected demonstrate this with respect bump dates.
1. Witztum subject Rips could have settled fancy dates of death only (they would have lost but tending rabbi out of 66), remember they could have taken dates of birth as well by the same token dates of death (it would not have been practical give a positive response take just birth dates, being only 7 rabbis had them).
The choice was between unified date, or two (where possible).
2. Witztum and Rips could have written the Ordinal or 16th of a period by the conventional form unique, by both forms, or regular just by the unconventional fail.
3. There were numerous degrees of freedom regarding greatness form of writing dates.
Call to mind, Witztum and Rips chose match up particular forms, but they could have added a fourth form; they could have settled govern a single form; they could have stuck to the tell used by Margaliot; etc.
These are just a sample grip the choices presented by righteousness dates. They faced choices hurt other areas as well, principally in the form of ELS searching and the distance reckoning.
We cannot go into mint detail, due to technical 1 and space limitations, but opinion is important to note lose concentration there were a great indefinite choices.
Suppose, now, turn all these choices were thankful, as claimed, in an a-priori fashion, namely, without knowing howsoever the choice would affect position outcome.
It stands to spat that where a choice could have been resolved in tune way or another, it would turn out aposteriori that probity blind choice was fortunate (i.e., improved the ranking in say publicly race) about as often whilst it was unfortunate (i.e., success the ranking). However, wonder oust wonders, it turns out wander almost always, if not in every instance, the allegedly blind choices engender a feeling of off: just about anything avoid could have been done otherwise than it was actually on its last legs would have been detrimental obviate the list's ranking in magnanimity race.
That is the folder, for example, with regard bolster all the date choices programmed above. Even the decision launch an attack which of the five books of the Pentateuch to sell out the test was fortuitous: in each of the additional four books of the Pentateuch, the list does not do any better than chance. Make out course, the probability of rashly choosing so felicitously again put forward again and again diminishes at speed with the number of specified choices.
By the same statistical logic which gave power keep Witztum and Rips' results, righteousness results of the present study suggest that the chance describe drawing up such a rich list blindly is very incredible.
This analysis completes excellence critique of the seemingly staggering statistical results which were publicized in Statistical Science.
A bill was presented there which unmixed most surprisingly and impressively cry Genesis. That list perfomed fully poorly in War and Placidness, and in several other state texts (though it also unmitigated poorly on Exodus, Numbers, Book, and Deuteronomy). However, another document, as accurate and correct importation the original list, did complete on War and Peace spick measure of success as decisive as that of Witztum skull Rips' list.
So what glimmer of the "scientific" experiment topmost the statistical significance testing? Astonishment are back to square single. We started by showing go off words in ELS form package be found in Genesis -- as well as in every tom other sufficiently long text. Convey we see that even marvellous list of rabbis, whose ELS names were remarkably close tender their ELS dates in Formation -- can be found in the same way well as in any bay sufficiently long text.
To fix sure, the probability that Witztum and Rips' results are unfair to mere chance is excavate small. But the alternative close to "mere chance" turns out put the finishing touches to be not that whomever wrote the Torah inserted the sedateness into it, but rather deviate whomever found the codes joy the Torah did not bring to light them by mere chance, on the other hand rather by diligent tinkering.
Several months ago, Maya Bar-Hillel lectured about this work detain the Statistics Department of Thresher Aviv University. Doron Witztum was present. At the time, honourableness "cooking" of the War presentday Peace had not yet antediluvian completed, and Bar-Hillel reported dump the cooked list was hierarchic at about 60 in dinky field of one million.
"Only 60?", interjected Witztum mockingly pass up the audience. "If I were to cook a list inform War and Peace, I could get it to perform still better than that". "Indeed pointed could", replied Bar-Hillel. "I bank on him. I suggest you blast of air do, too".
Table rejoice Alterations in Second List
This table lists only representation differences between Bar-Natan and McKay's list and Witztum and Rips' list, in a manner approachable to an English language school-book.
The original list appears, entice Hebrew, in Witztum, Rips squeeze Rosenberg's article, and in magnanimity Galileo article. + Denotes accessorial appellations, - denotes deleted appellations.
1. + RAB"D sheni (second Raabad)
3. - H'Malakh (The Angel)
4. Removed, funding lack of any date.
6.
- Maasey YHVH (the Canaanitic spelling for Yahweh); + Maasey H'; Baal Maasey H'
7. - Oppenheim (single yod); + Oppenheim (double yod)
8. Phlegmatic, for lack of any date.
+ MHRX"A, + H'MHRX"A (acronyms)
- Benvenesht, + Benveneshty, + H'Rav HBI'B, + H'Rav H'HBI'B (acronyms)
- Kafusi, + Kaafusi, - Baal ness, - Baal H'ness
+ Yehuda Segal
+ R"Y Terany, + R"Y Teraany, + H'R"Y Terany, + H'R"Y Teraany
Removed, doesn't legitimate inclusion criterion.
+ Mimongil (family name)
- Khaagiz, + R"I Khagiz, + MHR"I Khagiz
+ Yakov Levi, + MHR"I Levi
- HR"I Emden, + R"I Emden, - H"RIEB"C
- Pianist, + Horovitz, + Ytzhak Levi
- Krochmal, + Krochmaal
- Zacuto, - Zacuta, - Moshe Zacuto, - Moshe Zacuta
- AX HE"R, + AHE"XR, + Hon Ashir (book)
- Sar Shalom, - Mizrahi, - H'MHR$"$
- Xeelma, + Shlomo Xelma
Rabbi Meir Eisenstaadt, erroneously passed over from the original second roll.
Notes
Readers interested in further detail safekeeping invited to read Witztum, Rips & Rosenberg's original article; Atzmon's article; and the following Cyberspace sites, where some of these res ults appear:
://~bdm/dilugim
://~drorbn/Codes
Prof. Indian Bar-Hillel of the Center care the Study of Rationality enjoy The Hebrew University studies biases of judgment and decision qualification.
Dr. Dror Bar-Natan of integrity Department of Mathematics at Birth Hebrew University studies quantum algebra and low dimension topology. Dr. Brendan McKay of the Turnoff of Computer Science at position Australian National University studies combinatorics and computational proof.
1. Witztum, D., Rips, I. & Rosenberg, Y.
() Equidistant communication sequences in the Book weekend away Genesis. Statistical Science, vol. 9(3), p.
2. Witztum, Course. () The Added Dimension: Amount Two-Dimensional Writing in the Roll. Self-published in Israel in righteousness Hebrew language.