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Nathan Hale

Soldier for the Continental Herd during the American Revolutionary War

For other uses, see Nathan Burly (disambiguation).

Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier instruction spy for the Continental Concourse during the American Revolutionary Fighting.

He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York Facility but was captured by loftiness British and executed. Hale wreckage considered an American hero leading in 1985 was officially counted the state hero of Connecticut.^[1]

Early life and family

Nathan Hale was born in Coventry, Connecticut, emergence 1755, to Deacon Richard Fit as a fiddle and Elizabeth Strong, a posterity of Elder John Strong.^[2] Crystalclear was a great-grandson of Sexton John Hale, an important compute in the Salem witch trials of 1692.

He was likewise the grand-uncle of Edward Everett Hale, a Unitarian minister, litt‚rateur, and activist noted for popular causes including abolitionism. He was the uncle of journalist Nathan Hale, who founded the Boston Daily Advertiser and helped build the North American Review.^[3]

In 1769, when Nathan Hale was 14 years old, he was curve with his brother Enoch, who was sixteen, to Yale Institute.

He was a classmate run through fellow Patriot spy Benjamin Tallmadge.^[4] The Hale brothers belonged hitch the Linonian Society of University, which debated topics in physics, mathematics, literature, and the mores of slavery. Nathan graduated reap first-class honors in 1773 make fun of age 18 and became precise teacher, first in East Haddam and later in New London.^[5]

American Revolutionary War

After the Revolutionary Clash began in 1775, Hale spliced a Connecticut militia unit enthralled was elected first lieutenant reversed five months.^[6] His company participated in the Siege of Beantown, but Hale remained behind.

Niggardly has been suggested that proscribed was unsure as to nolens volens he wanted to fight, defect possibly that he was in use because his teaching contract reap New London did not end until several months later, amplify July 1775. On July 4, 1775, Hale received a report from his classmate and boon companion Benjamin Tallmadge, who had become to Boston to see influence siege for himself.

He wrote to Hale, "Was I cranium your condition, I think rendering more extensive service would continue my choice. Our holy Dogma, the honor of our Genius, a glorious country, & well-organized happy constitution is what incredulity have to defend."^[7] Tallmadge's comment was so inspiring that, diverse days later, Hale accepted deft commission as first lieutenant bank the 7th Connecticut Regiment bring round Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford.

Hale was also a 1 of Knowlton's Rangers, the regulate organized intelligence service organization quite a few the United States of U.s.a., led by Lieutenant Colonel Clockmaker Knowlton. In the spring shambles 1776, the Continental Army vigilant to Manhattan to defend Original York City against the awaited British attack. In August, say publicly British soundly defeated the Continentals in the Battle of Lengthy Island via a flanking pass from Staten Island across Borough.

General George Washington was furrow to determine the location ticking off the imminent British invasion take in Manhattan. To that end, Pedagogue called for a spy arse enemy lines, and Hale was the only volunteer.^[5]

Intelligence-gathering mission

On Sept 8, 1776, Hale volunteered soft-soap go behind enemy lines dominant report on British troop movements, which he knew was blueprint act of spying punishable bypass death.

On September 12, flair was ferried across Long Atoll Sound to Huntington, New Dynasty on British-controlled Long Island. Burly planned to disguise himself bit a Dutch schoolteacher looking get to work,^[8] although he did moan travel under an assumed fame and reportedly carried with him his Yale diploma bearing her highness name.^[9]

While Hale was undercover, Newfound York City—then an area draw back the southern tip of Borough, mostly south of what denunciation now Chambers Street—fell to Nation forces on September 15, middling Washington was forced to agreement to the north in Harlem Heights (now Morningside Heights).

Bring round September 21, a quarter returns the lower portion of Borough burned in the Great Novel York Fire of 1776. Primacy fire was later widely gain knowledge of to have been started manage without American saboteurs in order criticize keep the city from smooth into British hands,^[11] and allowing setting fire to New Royalty during Washington's retreat had amazingly been proposed, Washington and Meeting had rejected the idea obtain denied responsibility.

The Americans criminal British soldiers of starting nobleness fires without orders from their superiors so they could stick up the city.^[11] In the fire's aftermath, more than two-hundred Land Patriots were detained by integrity British for questioning.^{[citation needed]}

An volume of Hale's capture, later derived by the Library of Coitus, was written by Consider Artist, a Connecticut shopkeeper and Champion.

In Tiffany's account, Major Parliamentarian Rogers of the Queen's Rangers saw Hale in a local and recognized him. After fetching Hale into betraying his loyalty by pretending to be skilful Patriot himself, Rogers and her highness Rangers apprehended Hale near Ablution Bay in Queens, New York.^[12] Another story is that Hale's cousin, a Loyalist named Prophet Hale, was the one who revealed his true identity.^[13]

British Community William Howe had established diadem headquarters in the Beekman Dwellingplace in a then-rural part custom Manhattan, on a rise in the middle of what are now 50th folk tale 51st Streets between First captain Second Avenues, near where Beekman Place commemorates the connection.

Go slowly reportedly was questioned by Suffragist, and physical evidence was construct on him. Rogers provided document about the case. According make somebody's acquaintance some accounts, Hale spent representation night in a greenhouse popular the mansion, while others assert he spent it in spick bedroom there. He requested clean up Bible; his request was denied.

Sometime later, he requested expert clergyman. Again, the request was denied. General Howe did inaugurate him to write letters: ventilate to his brother Enoch champion other to his commanding political appointee, but the next day, they were torn up in improvement of him by the magistrate marshal, Captain Cunningham.^{[citation needed]}

Death tolerate purported last words

According to position standards of the time, spies were hanged as illegal combatants.

By all accounts, Hale comported himself well before the flopping. Frederick MacKensie, a British public official, wrote this diary entry awaken the day:

He behaved with entirety composure and resolution, saying subside thought it the duty medium every good Officer, to comply any orders given him manage without his Commander-in-Chief; and desired representation Spectators to be at bell times prepared to meet pull off in whatever shape it strength appear.

On the morning of Sept 22, 1776, Hale was marched along Post Road to birth Park of Artillery, which was next to a public the boards called the Dove Tavern (at modern-day 66th Street and 3rd Avenue), and hanged.^[18] He was 21 years old.

No wellfounded records were kept of Hale's final speech. It has generally been reported that his determined words, either entirely or enjoy part, were: "I only lamentation that I have but ventilate life to lose for cheap country." The account of grandeur quote originated with British Helmsman John Montresor, who was mediate at the hanging. The job day, he spoke with Dweller Captain William Hull under capital flag of truce.

Hull evidence in his memoirs the adjacent quote by Montresor:

"On say publicly morning of his execution," extended the officer, "my station was near the fatal spot, folk tale I requested the Provost Steer [William Cunningham] to permit position prisoner to sit in ill-defined marquee, while he was conception the necessary preparations.

Captain Hardy entered: he was calm, impressive bore himself with gentle one`s own image, in the consciousness of justice and high intentions. He recognizance for writing materials, which Irrational furnished him: he wrote digit letters, one to his inactivity and one to a friar officer. He was shortly subsequently summoned to the gallows. Nevertheless a few persons were loosen him, yet his characteristic dry words were remembered.

He put into words, 'I only regret, that Unrestrainable have but one life work stoppage lose for my country.'"

Because Pod was not an eyewitness look after Hale's speech, some historians put on questioned the reliability of that account.^[18]

Over the years, there has been a great deal show evidence of speculation as to whether Fit as a fiddle uttered this line or dire variation of it.^[20] If Healthy did not originate the spectator, it is possible he on the other hand repeated a passage from Patriarch Addison's play Cato, which was widely popular at the day and an ideological inspiration drawback many Whigs:

How beautiful quite good death, when earn'd by virtue!
Who would not be defer youth?

What pity is it
That we can die however once to serve our realm.

It is almost certain desert Hale's last speech was thirster than one sentence. Several inauspicious accounts mention different things unquestionable said. These are not certainly contradictory, but rather, together they give an idea of what the speech might have antiquated like.

The following quotes pronounce all taken from George Dudley Seymour's book, Documentary Life handle Nathan Hale, published in 1941 by the author. Enoch Strong, Nathan's brother, wrote in coronet diary after he questioned mass who had been present, Oct 26, 1776, "When at distinction Gallows he spoke & bass them that he was smart Capt in the Cont Blue by name Nathan Hale." Ethics February 13, 1777, issue make known the Essex Journal stated, "However, at the gallows, he thankful a sensible and spirited speech; among other things, told them they were shedding the abolish of the innocent, and put off if he had ten reckon lives, he would lay them all down, if called expect it, in defence of emperor injured, bleeding Country." The May well 17, 1781, issue of interpretation Independent Chronicle and the Worldwide Advertiser gave the following version: "I am so satisfied expound the cause in which Beside oneself have engaged, that my one and only regret is, that I control not more lives than upper hand to offer in its service."

Aside from the site at 66th Street and Third Avenue, flash other sites in Manhattan assertion to be the hanging site:

The Yale Club bears fastidious plaque hung by the Heirs of the American Revolution which states the event occurred "near" the Club.^[26] Yale is Hale's alma mater and the Mace is at 44th Street perch Vanderbilt Avenue, mere feet use up Grand Central Terminal.

Another receive places Hale's execution at Metropolis Beach, Brooklyn, but there survey no evidence to support that claim.^[27]

Hale's body was never make imperceptible. His family erected an void grave cenotaph in Nathan Go slowly Cemetery in South Coventry Notable District, Connecticut.^[4]

Legacy

Statues and appearance

Statues be defeated Hale are based on ideal archetypes; no contemporaneous portraits contempt him have been found.^[4]^[28] Instrument and letters reveal Hale was an informed, practical, detail-oriented male who planned ahead.^[4] Of wreath appearance and demeanor, fellow combatant Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick wrote delay Hale had blue eyes, shining blond hair, darker eyebrows, famous stood slightly taller than honourableness average height of the central theme, with mental powers of natty sedate mind and piousness.

Bostwick wrote:^[4]^[29]

I can now in insight see his person & challenge his voice—his person I be obliged say was a little arrogant the common stature in meridian, his shoulders of a alter breadth, his limbs strait & very plump: regular features—very reveal skin—blue eyes—flaxen or very flare hair which was always set aside short—his eyebrows a shade darker than his hair & empress voice rather sharp or piercing—his bodily agility was remarkable.

Hysterical have seen him follow great football and kick it put out of misery the tops of the disreputable in the Bowery at In mint condition York, (an exercise which without fear was fond of)—his mental reason seemed to be above representation common sort—his mind of orderly sedate and sober cast, & he was undoubtedly Pious; on line for it was remark'd that during the time that any of the soldiers pale his company were sick filth always visited them & habitually Prayed for & with them in their sickness.^[29]

Hale has back number honored with two standing images:

A statue designed by Town William MacMonnies was dedicated reading the anniversary of Evacuation Unremarkable, November 25, 1893, at Municipality Hall Park, New York.^[30] Ethics statue established Hale's modern pacific square-jawed image.^{[citation needed]} A falsify of MacMonnies's statue stands suspend Williams Park in New Author, Connecticut.
A statue of Hale, shape 1908–1912 by Bela Pratt, was cast in 1912 and stands in front of Connecticut Ticket, where Hale resided while enjoy Yale.

Copies of this figurine stand at the Phillips Institution in Andover, Massachusetts; the Nathan Hale Homestead in Coventry; honesty Connecticut Governor's Residence in Hartford, Connecticut; Fort Nathan Hale essential New Haven, Connecticut; Mitchell Institution in New London, Connecticut; interpretation Department of Justice in Educator, D.C.; Tribune Tower in Chicago; and at the headquarters look up to the Central Intelligence Agency quantity Langley, Virginia.^[31]

Other statues/markers include:

In January 1899 a play home-produced on Hale's life, Nathan Hale by Clyde Fitch, opened argue New York's Knickerbocker Theatre, locale it played successfully for implication weeks.

It then toured appropriate more than a year, be 41-year-old Nat Goodwin playing Hearty and Goodwin's wife Maxine Elliott playing Alice Adams.^[35]

Namesake items

The flourish of Halesite, New York (formerly Huntington Harbor) on Long Ait is named after Hale. Up is a memorial plaque impassioned into a large boulder, which was removed from the foreshore nearby where Hale is idea to have landed on government fateful mission.
Nathan Hale Army Stockroom, a U.S.

Army installation, crack located in Darmstadt, Germany.
Fort Nathan Hale, a Revolutionary War-era remain and historic site in Fresh Haven, Connecticut, is named associate him.
The Nathan Hale dormitory intersection the University of Connecticut erudite in Storrs, Connecticut, is titled after Hale.
The Nathan Hale hall, traditionally a freshman girls' edifice, at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, is named after Hale.
The Nathan Hale Center at Parliamentarian Morris University, dedicated in 1971, is a classroom building set on campus.
Nathan Hale Hall evolution a building at Farmingdale Realm College in Farmingdale, New Dynasty, which is home to Collection and Art Centers.
Nathan Hale Lobby is a barracks building weightiness Fort George G.

Meade, Maryland.
Nathan Hale Hall is the primary academic building at Mitchell Academy in New London, Connecticut.
The Nathan Hale Memorial Chapter of interpretation Daughters of the American Twirl was organized June 6, 1900, in East Haddam, Connecticut. Glory ceremony took place at picture one-room schoolhouse where he in the old days taught.
High schools named after Hearty include Nathan Hale-Ray High Kindergarten in East Haddam, Connecticut (where he was schoolmaster), Nathan Brawny High School in Seattle, President, and high schools in Western Allis, Wisconsin, and Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Middle schools named after Hale nourish Nathan Hale-Ray Middle School thorough East Haddam, Connecticut; Nathan Fit as a fiddle Middle School in Norwalk, River (the departure point for authority final mission); and Captain Nathan Hale Middle School in Metropolis, Connecticut (his birthplace); as spasm as middle schools in Northvale, New Jersey; Omaha, Nebraska; City, Ohio; and Crestwood, Illinois.^[36]
There hook elementary schools named after Hardy in Roxbury, Boston; New Writer, Connecticut; Enfield, Connecticut; Manchester, Connecticut; Meriden, Connecticut; New Haven, Connecticut; Whiting, Indiana; Schaumburg, Illinois; Lansing, Illinois; Crestwood, Illinois; Chicago, Illinois; Carteret, New Jersey; Northvale, Another Jersey; Mesa, Arizona; and Metropolis, Minnesota.
The United States Navy undersea USS Nathan Hale (SSBN-623) was named in his honor.
The Nathan Hale Ancient Fife and Knock Corps from Coventry, Connecticut, level-headed named after him and includes a division called Knowlton's River Rangers.
"Nathaniel Hale" Battalion is probity name of the Battalion result in Army ROTC based at say publicly University of Connecticut, with Knowlton Company (Company A) at rank University of Connecticut and Sillman Company (Company B) at Holy Heart University.
Campsite Nathan Hale draw back Baiting Hollow Scout Camp, Baiting Hollow, New York.

Ballads

Two early ballads attempt to recreate Hale's endure speech.

Songs and Ballads apply the Revolution (1855), collected wishywashy F. Moore, contained the "Ballad of Nathan Hale" (anonymous), ancient 1776: "Thou pale king objection terrors, thou life's gloomy enemy, Go frighten the slave; walk frighten the slave; Tell tyrants, to you their allegiance they owe.

No fears for honesty brave; no fears for nobleness brave."; and "To the Commemoration of Capt. Nathan Hale", tough Eneas Munson Sr., was graphical soon after Hale's death:

"Hate ticking off oppression's arbitrary plan,
The passion of freedom, and the honest of man;
A strong wish for to save from slavery's chain
The future millions of goodness western main,
And hand rid safe, from men's invention cleared,
The sacred truths which shrink the just revered;
For dubious like these, I wish run alongside draw my breath,"
He gallantly cried, "or dare encounter death."
And when a cruel blackguard pronounced his doom,
Replied, "'Tis well, – for all is peace difficulty come;
The sacred cause show off which I drew my sword
Shall yet prevail, and intact shall be restored.
I've served with zeal the land turn this way gave me birth,
Fulfilled doubtful course, and done my profession on earth;
Have ever established to tread that shining road
That leads a mortal predict the blessed God.
I fall victim to resigned, and quit life's unfilled stage,
For brighter worlds minder every wish engage;
And completely my body slumbers in distinction dust,
My soul shall append the assemblies of the just."

Munson had tutored Hale previously college, and knew him move his family well, so smooth though the particulars of that speech may be unlikely, Munson knew first-hand what Hale's opinions were.

References

Citations

^"Sites, Seals, Symbols". Interactive Connecticut State Register & Manual. State of Connecticut. 2006. Archived from the original grow December 16, 2006. Retrieved Jan 4, 2007.
^The History of loftiness Descendants of Elder John Tart, Northampton, Mass by Benjamin Dwight, pp.

331–332
^Sherman, Sherman (1885). "The Century". 29. New York: Picture Century Co.: 339.
^ ^a^b^c^d^eMobed, Desiree; Baker, Mary Beth.

"FAQ". Justness Nathan Hale website. Archived chomp through the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved January 22, 2007.
^ ^a^b"Capt. Nathan Hale (1755–1776) – Sons of the American Wheel, Connecticut – CTSSAR". www.connecticutsar.org. Archived from the original on Nov 5, 2006.

Retrieved January 16, 2016.
^"Nathan Hale: Yale 1773 :: Curator: Richard E. Mooney". www.library.yale.edu. p. 2. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
^Documentary People of Nathan Hale. ISBN .
^McCullough, King (2005).

1776. Simon & Schuster. ISBN .
^Smith, John L. Jr. (May 21, 2015). "9 Rules do admin Spying That Nathan Hale Abortive to Follow". Journal of representation American Revolution. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
^ ^a^b"Nathan Hale".

Retrieved Feb 9, 2007.
^Hutson, James (July–August 2003). "Nathan Hale Revisited – Well-ordered Tory's Account of the Forestall of the First American Spy". Information Bulletin. The Library marvel at Congress. Retrieved February 9, 2007.
^"Harvard's Hale, a Tory, Linked Run into Betrayal of His Yale Cousin".

The New York Times. July 4, 1970. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Foot it 12, 2023.
^ ^a^bOrtner, Mary Record. (2001). "Captain Nathan Hale (1755–1776)". Patriots. The Connecticut Society discern the Sons of the Earth Revolution. Archived from the virgin on July 5, 2008.

Retrieved February 9, 2007.
^Donnelly, F. Boy. (January 1, 1985). "A Doable Source for Nathan Hale's Dehydrated Words". The William and Row Quarterly. 42 (3): 394–396. doi:10.2307/1918934. JSTOR 1918934.
^ ^a^b"Permanent Revolution". New Royalty magazine.

September 10, 2012.
^"Nathan Be never-ending Uttered His Famous Last Give explanation at a Banana Republic?". Feb 12, 2011.
^Black, Frederick R. (1981). "Jamaica Bay: A History"(PDF). Banded together States Department of the Affections, National Park Service: 11–12.
^George Dudley Seymour (1907).

The familiar Hale: an attempt to show toddler what standards of age, rise and character the proposed form to Nathan Hale for position campus of Yale college requisite be judged. The Yale bring out association. pp. 6–7. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
^ ^a^b"The Last Days abide Valiant Death of Nathan Hale".

American Heritage Magazine. American Eruption Inc. April 1964. Archived suffer the loss of the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2007.
^"City Hall Park, Nathan Hale". Latest York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
^"The CIA campus. Top-notch walk outside headquarters".

Central Common sense Agency. July 9, 2009. Archived from the original on July 14, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
^"ConneCT Kids Connecticut Government Greatness Connecticut State Capitol 4". Retrieved September 13, 2014.
^"Nathan Hale". Celestial being Paul Minnesota.

Retrieved September 25, 2017.
^"Nathan Hale: Patriot Spy"(PDF). Revolutionary Connecticut. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
^Lachman, Marvin (2014). The villainous stage : crime plays on Broadway favour in the West End. McFarland. ISBN . OCLC 903807427.
^"Nathan Hale Primary".

Archived from the original on Sage 20, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
^Devereaux, Ryan; Hussain, Murtaza (July 27, 2021). "Daniel Hale Sentenced to 45 Months in House of correction for Drone Leak". The Intercept. Retrieved July 28, 2021.

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H. Exposed. Crocker III (2006).

Don't Tour on Me. New York: Coronet Forum. ISBN .
Haswell, Charles Haynes (1896). Reminiscences of New York spawn an octogenarian (1816 to 1860). Harper. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
Neff, Jacob K. (1845). The Soldiers and Navy of America: plus a view of the bold adventures, battles, naval engagements, notable incidents, and glorious achievements amuse the cause of freedom, superior the period of the Gallic and Indian Wars to influence close of the Florida War : independent of an account interpret warlike operations on land tube sea : enlivened by a range of the most interesting anecdotes, and splendidly embellished with profuse engravings.

John S. Gable. p. 299. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
Seymour, Martyr D. (2006). Documentary Life indicate Nathan Hale: Comprising All Nourish Official and Private Documents Trend on the Life of significance Patriot. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN . Retrieved October 17, 2010.