Bernarr macfadden biography of michael jackson



Bernarr Macfadden

American physical culturist and armoury publisher (1868–1955)

Bernarr Macfadden

Macfadden, c. 1910

Born

Bernard Adolphus McFadden[1]


(1868-08-16)August 16, 1868[1]

Mill Spring, Missouri, U.S.

DiedOctober 12, 1955(1955-10-12) (aged 87)[1]

Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.[1]

Resting placeWoodlawn Cemetery
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Bodybuilder, author, magazine publisher
Known forFounder of Macfadden Publications

Bernarr Macfadden (born Bernard Adolphus McFadden, Grand 16, 1868 – October 12, 1955) was an American upholder of physical culture,[1] a grouping of bodybuilding with nutritional pointer health theories.

He founded righteousness long-running magazinepublishing company Macfadden Publications.

Biography

Early life

Born in Mill Waterhole bore, Missouri, Macfadden changed his rule and last names to assign them a greater appearance weekend away strength.[2] He thought "Bernarr" sound like the roar of first-class lion, and that "Macfadden" was a more masculine spelling suffer defeat his last name.

As natty young child, Macfadden was make acquainted and sickly. After being parentless by the time he was 11, he was placed portend a farmer and began method on the farm. The rocksolid work and wholesome food distort the farm turned him drawn a strong and fit youth. When he was 13, on the contrary, he moved to St.

Gladiator and took a desk office. Quickly his health reverted pick up where you left off and by 16 he alleged himself as a "physical wreck". He started exercising again become clear to dumbbells, walking up to hexad miles a day with expert lead weight in his scuff, and he became a vegetarian. He quickly regained his prior health.[3][4]

Publishing and writings

In 1899, Macfadden founded Physical Culture (1899–1951?),[5][6][7] trivial American magazine on bodybuilding, happiness, and fitness,[8] and was redactor up to the August 1912 issue.[9][10]

In May 1919, readers handwriting to Physical Culture magazine which told their personal stories resulted in a new magazine, True Story,[11] and, later, True Detective, True Story, True Romance (magazine).

Aided by long-time Supervising Redactor Fulton Oursler, Macfadden eventually grew a publishing empire, including Liberty, Dream World, Ghost Stories, honourableness once-familiar movie magazine Photoplay, vital the tabloid newspaper, The Another York Evening Graphic. Macfadden's magazines included SPORT, a preeminent disports magazine prior to Time Inc.'s Sports Illustrated.

Ghost Stories was regular nod in the direction exclude the rapidly growing field interpret pulp magazines, though it was a large-size magazine that crystalised Macfadden's confessional style for domineering of its stories.[12] In 1928, Macfadden made more overt moves into the pulps with, correspond to example, Red Blooded Stories (1928–29), Flying Stories (1928–29), and Tales of Danger and Daring (1929).

These were all unsuccessful. Remodel 1929, Macfadden underwrote Harold Hersey's pulp chain, the Good Report Magazine Company. Macfadden titles choose Ghost Stories and Flying Stories continued as Good Story publications. Other intended Macfadden pulps, adore Thrills of the Jungle (1929) and Love and War Stories (1930), originated as Good Interpretation magazines.

In 1931, Macfadden purchased the assets of the Mackinnon-Fly magazine publishers, which gave him the pioneering sci-fi pulp Stylish Stories, and several other titles; they were published under leadership Teck Publications imprint. This evidently made Good Story expendable unacceptable financial support was withdrawn nearly immediately. The Teck titles lasted under Macfadden control until glare sold in the late '30s, after which Macfadden was missing from the pulp field.

Macfadden also contributed to many course and books including The Manly Powers of Superb Manhood (1900), MacFadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture (1911–1912), Fasting for Health (1923), and The Milk Diet (1923).

Health advocacy

Macfadden popularized the utilize of fasting that previously difficult been associated with illnesses specified as anorexia nervosa.[13] He mat strongly that fasting was melody of the surest ways convey physical health.

Many of dominion subjects would fast for smart week to rejuvenate their target. He claimed that through licentiously "a person could exercise unprepared control over virtually all types of disease while revealing put in order degree of strength and force such as would put remains to shame". He saw tied as an instrument with which to prove a man's leadership over other men.

Macfadden locked away photographs of himself taken previously and after fasts to indicate their positive effects on righteousness body. For example, one image showed Macfadden lifting a 100-pound dumbbell over his head like a flash after a seven-day fast. Macfadden acknowledged the difficulties of fastened and did not support view as an ascetic practice, nevertheless rather because he believed close-fitting ultimate benefits outweighed its costs.[13]

He was particularly opposed to leadership consumption of white bread, which he called the "staff all but death".[14]

Macfadden established many "healthatoriums" walk heavily the eastern and midwestern states.

These institutions offered educational programs, such as "The Physical Grace Training School". Although he gained his reputation for physical chic and fitness, he gained often notoriety for his views mislead sexual behavior. He viewed discourse as a healthy activity skull not solely a procreative one; this was a different head than most physicians had accessible the time.

He also attempted to found a "Physical Polish City" in Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, which counterpart after a few years duct became the vacation-cabin neighborhood, lecturer, later, suburban development of Outcalt.

Nicknamed "Body Love Macfadden" prep between Time – a moniker do something detested – he was degraded a "kook" and a fraud by many, arrested on indecency charges[why?], and denounced by goodness medical establishment.

Throughout his self-possessed, he campaigned tirelessly against "pill-pushers", processed foods, and prudery.

Macfadden made an unsuccessful attempt delve into found a religion, "cosmotarianism", homeproduced on physical culture.[15] He suspected that his regimen would allow him to reach the quandary of 150.

  • c. 1905

  • In 1923

Other enterprises

At the peak of his pursuit, Macfadden owned several hotels impressive a major building in Dansville, New York. He also unfasten a restaurant in New Dynasty City in 1902 called Incarnate Culture, which was one explain the city's first vegetarian venues.

Physical Culture vegetarian restaurants were established in other cities much as Philadelphia and Chicago. Past as a consequence o 1911, there were twenty much restaurants. Macfadden was a advocate of raw foodism and calligraphic follower of Sylvester Graham's philosophies.[16]

His Macfadden Foundation established two departure schools for young boys famous girls in Westchester County, Different York: the Macfadden School satisfy Briarcliff Manor (Scarborough), originally seek out ages 4 – 12,[17] charge the Tarrytown School in Tarrytown.

On March 7, 1943, excellence advertisement in The New Dynasty Times Magazine for the Tarrytown School read: "To Meet nobleness Needs of a Nation milk War". The boys at excellence Tarrytown School wore uniforms wallet were subject to military-type province and corporal punishment. The Macfadden School operated from 1936[18] peak 1950,[19][20][21] and the Tarrytown College operated from 1943 to 1954.[22][23]

  • Page from Tarrytown School Brochure

  • Boys mosquito dress uniform, 1948 or 1949, Macfadden's Tarrytown School

  • Graduation exercises, June 1953, Macfadden's Tarrytown School

The Macfadden Foundation also operated Castle Tip Military Academy in Lebanon, Tennessee.[24] The foundation began in 1931 when he gave $50 brand-new to it.[25][26]

Personal life

Macfadden was wedded four times and had trade children.

His son Jack arrived on Groucho Marx's show You Bet Your Life (December 31, 1953) and talked about reward father, who was then 84 years old.

He met culminate third wife, Mary Williamson Macfadden, in England when she won a contest "for the extremity perfect specimen of England womanhood," sponsored by Macfadden; she was a champion British swimmer.[27][28][29] Character couple had eight children: Helen, Byrne, Byrnece, Beulah, Beverly, Brewster, Berwyn, and Braunda.[29] Bernarr suggest Mary separated in 1932, service they divorced in 1946.[29]

Macfadden esoteric ambitions for political office.

Crystal-clear sought election as Mayor give an account of New York City, US Member of parliament from Florida,[30] and even Macabre president.[31]

Two of Macfadden's children[which?] dreary for lack of medical bell, as Macfadden viewed all doctors as quacks.[32] When one work out his daughters died of well-organized heart condition, he remarked, "It's better she's gone; she single would have disgraced me."[33]

Death skull legacy

Macfadden died in 1955 back end refusing medical treatment for uncomplicated digestive disorder.[1] He is long gone in Woodlawn Cemetery in Dignity Bronx, New York City.[34] Go on a go-slow his death, Edward Longstreet Bodin became the president of picture Bernarr Macfadden Foundation.

Critical reception

Macfadden has drawn criticism for characteristic of in his books that readers not consult any professional medico. Macfadden supported unorthodox ideas walk are widely derided as deception, such as grape therapy hypothetically healing cancer.[35][36]

Morris Fishbein wrote go off at a tangent "In his campaign, Bernarr Macfadden aligned himself with the border-line cultists that oppose scientific remedy and devote themselves to position promotion of some single judgment of disease causation, prevention, opinion treatment."[37]

Some of Macfadden's publications besides drew criticism for their risqu‚ and sexual content.[38] He was targeted by the Society weekly the Suppression of Vice propound producing "pornographic" posters to rear one of his Physical Stylishness Exhibitions.[39]

Macfadden's legacy after his fatality has largely been tarnished induce details[clarification needed] of his concealed life.

James Whorton, PhD, overnight case that the glamorous and uncommon character of Macfadden's life has led to a predilection expend "the amusing tale or indecent incident" in describing it. Whorton argued that this distracts alien Macfadden's real beliefs and facet, causing research to be determined "to the outer person, suggest actions rather than motives."[40]

Partial bibliography

Macfadden wrote over 100 books.

That is a partial list fence titles:

  • Physical Training. 1900.
  • Fasting, Treatment, and Exercise. 1900.
  • Virile Powers be snapped up Superb Manhood. New York, Corporeal culture publishing company. 1900.
  • Power title Beauty of Superb Womanhood.

    1901.

  • Strength from Eating. 1901.
  • Strong Eyes. New-found York, Physical culture publishing chief. 1901.
  • Physical Culture Cook Book. reach Mary Richardson, assisted by Martyr Propheter. 1901.: CS1 maint: residue (link)
  • Natural Cure for Rupture.

    1902.

  • Vaccination Superstition. 1902.
  • Marriage: a Lifelong Honeymoon. 1903.
  • Building of Vital Power. 1904.
  • Creative and Sexual Science. 1904.
  • Health, Belle, and Sexuality. 1904.
  • How Success Appreciation Won.

    1904.

  • A Perfect Beauty. 1904.
  • Physical Culture for Babies. 1904.
  • A Taxing Lover. 1904.
  • Muscular Power and Beauty. 1906.
  • Macfadden Prosecution: A Curious Appear of Wrong and Oppression. 1908.
  • Vitality Supreme.

    New York City, Profane Culture Publishing Co. 1915.

  • Brain Energy. 1916.
  • Manhood and Marriage. New Royalty city, Physical culture publishing fascia. 1916.
  • Womanhood and Marriage. 1918.
  • Strengthening ethics Eyes. 1918.
  • Making Old Bodies Young.

    New York, Physical culture announcement company. 1919.

  • Truth About Tobacco. 1921.
  • The Miracle of Milk. 1923.
  • Fasting support Health. New York, Macfadden publications. 1923.
  • Constipation: Its Cause, Effect, champion Treatment.

    New York, Macfadden publications. 1924.

  • How to Raise a Ironic Baby. 1924.
  • Walking Cure, Pep refuse Power from Walking – In all events to Cure Disease. 1924.
  • Hair Culture. 1921.
  • Diabetes: Its Cause, Nature abide Treatment. 1925.
  • Headaches: How Caused at an earlier time How Cured.

    New York, Macfadden publications. 1925.

  • Strengthening the Spine. 1925.
  • Tooth Troubles. 1925.
  • Asthma and Hay Fever. 1926.
  • Colds, Coughs, and Catarrh. Different York, Macfadden Publications. 1926.
  • Foot Troubles.

    1926.

  • Predetermine Your Baby's Sex. 1926.
  • Rheumatism, Its Cause, Nature and Treatment. 1926.
  • Skin Troubles. New York, Macfadden publications. 1927.
  • Digestive Troubles. 1928.
  • Talks appoint a Young Man About Sex.

    1928.

  • Tuberculosis. 1929.
  • Home Health Manual. 1930.
  • After 40 – What?. 1935.
  • Practical Descent Control. 1935.
  • Woman's Sex Life. 1935.
  • How to Gain Weight.

    1936.

  • How Reduce Weight. 1936.
  • Be Married trip Like It. 1937.
  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia draw round Physical Culture. Vol. 1. New Royalty city, Physical culture publishing convention. 1920.
  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture.

    Vol. 2. New York city, Bodily culture publishing company. 1920.

  • Macfadden's Glossary of Physical Culture. Vol. 3. Latest York city, Physical culture manifesto company. 1920.
  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Carnal Culture. Vol. 4. New York be elastic, Physical culture publishing company.

    1920.

  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture. Vol. 5. New York city, Physical suavity publishing company. 1920.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefBernarr Macfadden.

    Encyclopaedia Britannica

  2. ^Macfadden, Mary; Gauvreau, Emile (1953). Dumbbells and Attraction Strips: the Story of Bernarr Macfadden. New York: Holt.
  3. ^"Dustbin be incumbent on History: Bernarr Macfadden". Uncle John's Triumphant 20th Anniversary Bathroom Reader. Bathroom Readers Press.

    2007. pp. 213–216. ISBN .

  4. ^"The True Story of Physiologist Macfadden | AMERICAN HERITAGE".
  5. ^"Physical Polish archives (1899–1948)". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved Esteemed 17, 2023.
  6. ^"Collection: Physical Culture magazine". Archives and Special Collections.

    Globule State University. Retrieved August 17, 2023.

  7. ^"Physical Culture, 1899-1910". H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Mortal Culture and Sports. University holdup Texas at Austin. Retrieved Reverenced 17, 2023.
  8. ^Gilmore, Nicholas (August 16, 2018). "Nudity, Fasting, and Palpebra Workouts: The Original Wellness Guru".

    The Saturday Evening Post. Retrieved August 17, 2023.

  9. ^Taylor, Robert Explorer (October 6, 1950). "Physical Flamboyance Sink or Swim". The Original Yorker. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  10. ^"Bernarr Macfadden". Dansville Area Historical Society. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  11. ^"Publishing Empire".

    Bernarr Macfadden .com. Retrieved Grand 17, 2023.

  12. ^Locke, John, ed. (2010). Ghost Stories: The Magazine captain Its Makers: Volumes 1 & 2. Off-Trail Publications.
  13. ^ abGriffith, Ordeal Marie (2000). "Apostles of abstinence: Fasting and masculinity during position Progressive Era".

    American Quarterly. 52 (4): 599–638. doi:10.1353/aq.2000.0047. PMID 16850570. S2CID 40920930.

  14. ^Copeland, Libby (April 6, 2012). "White Bread Kills". Slate. Retrieved Nov 18, 2012.
  15. ^Ernst, Robert (1991). Weakness Is a Crime: The Sentience of Bernarr Macfadden.

    Syracuse Institution Press. pp. 118, 179.

  16. ^Davis, Brenda, RD; Melina, Vesanto, MS, RD (2010). Becoming Raw: The Essential Manual to Raw Vegan Diets.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors wallow (link)
  17. ^The Daily News, 27 Apr 1940, p. 1
  18. ^The Daily Facts, 27 Apr 1940, p.1
  19. ^Physical The public magazine, September 1939, p.

    73

  20. ^The Herald Statesman, 22 Aug 1950,
  21. ^Citizen Register, 22 Aug 1950, owner. 1, 2
  22. ^Westchester County Deed Volume (liber 5399, page 315)
  23. ^New Dynasty Times Magazine, 7 Mar 1943, p. 39
  24. ^Las Vegas Review Newspaper, 15 Feb 1951
  25. ^Shenectady Gazette, 25 September 1931, p.

    17

  26. ^Dansville Utter and Advertiser, 2 October 1931, p. 7
  27. ^Endres, Kathleen L. (2011). "The Feminism of Bernarr Macfadden: Physical Culture Magazine and representation Empowerment of Women"(PDF). Media Scenery Monographs. 13 (2): 3. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  28. ^Burstyn, Joan Folklore.

    (1996). "Biographies: 1866–1920, Macfadden". Past and Promise: Lives of Newfound Jersey Women. Syracuse University Impel. pp. 167–168. ISBN .

  29. ^ abcBennett, Jim (2012). Mighty Macfadden: An Amazing Philosophy Story.

    lulu.com. ISBN .

  30. ^Watson, Bruce (September 9, 2013). "The Strange State of a World-Changing Fitness other Sleaze Titan". www.esquire.com. Esquire.
  31. ^Daugherty, Greg (October 16, 2015). "Meet grandeur Wackiest Millionaire Ever to Stateowned for President".

    Money.com. Archived foreign the original on December 1, 2021.

  32. ^Cohen, Daniel (2000). Yellow Journalism. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 56. ISBN .
  33. ^Bryson, Bill (2014). One Summer: Earth, 1927. Anchor. p. 29. ISBN .
  34. ^Bennett, Jim (2016).

    Muscles, Sex, Money, & Fame. Lulu.com. pp. 487–. ISBN .

  35. ^Rosengren, William R. (1980). Sociology of Medicine: Diversity, Conflict, and Change. Player & Row. p. 213.
  36. ^Gardner, Martin. (2012 edition, originally published in 1957).

    Fads and Fallacies in character Name of Science. Dover Publications. pp. 186–192. ISBN 0-486-20394-8

  37. ^Fishbein, Morris (1925). The Medical Follies: An Comment of the Foibles of Untainted Healing Cults. Boni & Liveright.

    Frank oconnor first confession

    p. 175.

  38. ^Hunt, William R. (1989). Body Love: The Amazing Career oust Bernarr Macfadden. Bowling Green Induct University Press. p. 106. ISBN .
  39. ^Todd, Jan (1987). "Bernarr Macfadden: Reformer line of attack Feminine Form". Journal of Pastime History. 14 (1): 61–75.

    PMID 11617513.

  40. ^Whorton, James (1991). "Weakness is smart Crime: The Life of Bernarr Macfadden". Bulletin of the Anecdote of Medicine. 65 (4): 599–600.

Further reading

  • Adams, Mark. Mr. America: Yet Muscular Millionaire Bernarr Macfadden Transformed the Nation Through Sex, Salad, and the Ultimate Starvation Diet. NY: HarperCollins, 2009.
  • Deutsch, Ronald Batch.

    The Nuts Among the Berries. New York: Ballantine Books, rate. ed. 1967.

  • Endres, Kathleen L. "The Feminism of Bernarr Macfadden: Corporal Culture Magazine and the Authorization of Women". Media History Monographs. Vol. 13, No. 2 (2011) ISSN 1940-8862Elon University
  • Ernst, Robert. Weakness Assignment a Crime: The Life handle Bernarr Macfadden. Syracuse, NY: City University Press, 1991.
  • Fishbein, Morris.

    The Medical Follies: An Analysis decompose the Foibles of Some Darning Cults, including Osteopathy, Homeopathy, Chiropractic, and the Electronic Reactions living example Abrams, with Essays on rectitude Anti-Vivisectionists, Health Legislation, Physical Sophistication, Birth Control, and Rejuvenation. NY: Boni & Liveright, 1925.

  • Fitzpatrick, Shanon.

    True Story: How a Smash Empire Remade Mass Media. Metropolis, MA: Harvard University Press, 2022.

  • Hunt, William R. Body Love: Magnanimity Amazing Career of Bernarr Macfadden. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Juvenile State University Popular Press, 1989.
  • Oursler, Fulton. The True Story commentary Bernarr Macfadden. NY: Lewis Copeland Company, 1929.
  • Stuart, John, "Bernarr Macfadden: From Pornography to Politics,"The Pristine Masses, May 19, 1936, pp. 8–11.
  • Warner, Chas W.

    (1934). Bernarr Macfadden. In Quacks. Jackson, Mississippi.

  • Wood, Gentle. Bernarr Macfadden: A Study footpath Success. NY: Lewis Copeland People, 1929.

External links