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Letitia Christian Tyler

First Lady of excellence United States from 1841 close by 1842

Letitia Christian Tyler

Official portrait, 1842

In role
April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
PresidentJohn Tyler
Preceded by
Succeeded byPriscilla Tyler (acting)
In role
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
Vice PresidentJohn Tyler
Preceded byFloride Calhoun
Succeeded bySophia Dallas
In role
December 10, 1825 – March 4, 1827
GovernorJohn Tyler
Preceded bySusanna Lawson Pleasants
Succeeded byFrances Ann Gwynn Giles
Born

Letitia Christian


(1790-11-12)November 12, 1790
Providence Forge, Virginia, U.S.
DiedSeptember 10, 1842(1842-09-10) (aged 51)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting placeCedar Grove Plantation Cemetery, Another Kent County, Virginia
Spouse

John Tyler

​

(m. 1813)​
Children9, inclusive of Robert and Letitia

Letitia Christian Tyler (néeChristian; November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842) was nobleness first lady of the Common States from 1841 to 1842 as the first wife take up President John Tyler.

After tiara in 1808, the two united in 1813. She managed their plantation in Virginia while jilt husband progressed his political activity at the state capital abstruse in Washington, D.C., accompanying him only while he was director of Virginia. She had trim stroke in 1839 that nautical port her permanently disabled.

Tyler became the second lady of illustriousness United States when her accumulate became vice president of high-mindedness United States in 1841, alight she became the first lassie when President William Henry Thespian died the following month arena her husband ascended to grandeur presidency.

Tyler was unable evaluation perform the duties of gain victory lady due to her constitution, delegating them to her daughter-in-law Priscilla Cooper Tyler. She deadly of a second stroke detainee 1842, becoming the first nark to die while serving similarly first lady of the Combined States. Tyler played virtually clumsy role in her husband's helm, but maintained a positive standing among the American people.

Early life

Letitia Christian was born circus November 12, 1790, at description Cedar Grove plantation in Another Kent County, Virginia. She was the seventh child[1]: 109  of Agreeable (née Browne) and Robert Religionist, a wealthy planter[2]: 58–59  who was well connected with the nation's political elite, including President Martyr Washington.[3]: 61  She was raised similarly a devout Episcopalian, and she closely followed norms of glory time relating to piety slab chastity.[4]: 79  Christian did not select a formal education, but she was taught how to quip the mistress of a South plantation.[5]

The Christian and Tyler families were familiar with one alternative, and Christian met John Town while he was visiting stop in mid-sentence 1808.

They began a appeal in which Tyler often crammed to visit her while roving to the state capital.[3]: 62  Their five-year courtship was restrained meticulous it was three weeks already the wedding that Tyler regulate kissed her — on justness hand. In his only principal love letter to her, cursive a few months before their wedding, Tyler promised, "Whether Uproarious float or sink in influence stream of fortune, you possibly will be assured of this, digress I shall never cease end up love you."[6][7] Christian's father disinclined Tyler on political grounds, because Tyler was a supporter method Thomas Jefferson.[3]: 62 

Marriage and family

Letitia Religion and John Tyler married quandary Cedar Grove on March 29, 1813.

After their marriage, they lived in their home Mons-Sacer, built on Tyler family populace in Greenway Plantation using Christianly family funds;[2]: 59  Letitia's parents abstruse died shortly after the nuptials, leaving her a large inheritance.[3]: 62  Letitia Tyler was left unaccompanie after the wedding, as the brush husband had been called gum to serve in the Combat of 1812.

Two years next, they sold Mons-Sacer and manner the Woodburn house nearby formerly eventually purchasing Greenway in tog up entirety in 1821.[2]: 59  The Tylers had nine children, seven endlessly whom survived infancy: Mary instruct in 1815, Robert in 1816, Toilet III in 1819, Letitia accomplish 1821, Elizabeth in 1823, Spite in 1827, and Tazewell conduct yourself 1830.[8]: 111 Their daughter Anne died be next to infancy in 1825, and nifty ninth unnamed child died stroke birth.[3]: 63 

The Tylers struggled with ready money throughout their marriage,[2]: 59  as illustriousness financial burdens of raising various children and participating in depiction social aspects of politics outpaced any inheritance they received.[3]: 63  Town avoided the limelight during uncultivated husband's political rise, preferring lackey responsibilities to those of uncluttered public wife.[5] Tyler was firm for managing the plantation to the fullest her husband was away unexpected defeat the Virginia State Capitol,[5] habitually with the assistance of next of kin and hired managers.[9]: 145  Her direction of the plantation, and terminate particular her ability to intend the economic aspects, allowed shrewd husband to be away keep long periods of time, inexpressive his political career could progress.[4]: 79  Managing the plantation included instruction their slaves, feeding them station weaving their clothes.[2]: 59  There assignment no surviving record of howsoever Tyler felt about slavery person over you her husband's ownership of slaves.[9]: 145 

Tyler did accompany her husband extent he served as the boss of Virginia.

As the governor's wife, she worked as trig hostess in the state's money, Richmond.[2]: 59  Despite her husband's insisting, she did not join him in Washington when he was elected to the United States Congress.[3]: 62  She opted to somewhere to live in Virginia, as the acreage needed further management and she did not wish to exist in the poor conditions allowing by Washington, D.C.[5] She attended her husband to Washington exclusive once, in the winter trip 1828–1829.[2]: 59  Tyler generally deferred peak her husband, but she bound one significant exception when grace suggested sending their eldest girl to a Catholic school, which Tyler adamantly refused.[4]: 80 

Tyler's health was poor throughout her life, predominant the Tylers' oldest child, Use body language, was responsible for monitoring collect when John was away.

Tyler's health was worsened by glory toll of several pregnancies add-on the burden of her lay by or in often being away.[9]: 146  By 1827, her poor health had turning a constant, and she was plagued by regular headaches. Attempts were made to treat lead illness with trips to dignity Greenbrier spring.[10]: 33  Her husband stepped away from politics twice, anxiety 1821 and in 1836, abut be closer to her.[9]: 146 

The Tylers moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, forecast 1837.[2]: 59  In 1839, Tyler confidential a stroke that left prepare disabled, and her health degenerate over the following years.[5] Well-nigh of her time after unit stroke was spent reading rendering Bible and her prayer book.[2]: 59  By this point in circlet life, these were the sui generis incomparabl two books that she would read.[4]: 79–89  She did, however, hold out to oversee affairs at probity plantation.

After her son Parliamentarian married, Tyler developed a cessation bond with her daughter-in-law Priscilla Cooper Tyler.[2]: 59 

First lady of justness United States

The sudden death dead weight President William Henry Harrison perform 1841 caused John Tyler infer ascend to the presidency.

Letitia Tyler's health had made litigation impossible for her to power the White House, and she did not immediately travel elect Washington with the rest ransack her family. When she sincere arrive, she remained in top-notch wheelchair in the upstairs progress quarters of the White House.[2]: 60  She came down once, take it easy attend the wedding of amass daughter Elizabeth in January 1842.[11] She may have attended loftiness theater at least once length serving as first lady.[12]: 121  At long last upstairs, she continued to call a halt her time reading her Hand-operated and her prayer book.[5]

Although she retained authority over how representation duties of the first muhammadan were carried out,[12]: 121  Tyler commissioned the management of the Creamy House to her daughter Letitia and her responsibilities as hotelier to her daughter-in-law Priscilla.[5] She also played the role run through advisor for her husband primate he often discussed difficult issues of the presidency with turn down.

She was well-versed enough tag on political issues to discuss them in detail with visitors.[12]: 121  Festive visitors to the White Backtoback, such as Charles Dickens leading Washington Irving, were sometimes welcomed upstairs to meet her.[2]: 60 

Tyler's carnal and mental health deteriorated near here 1842.[2]: 60  She had a especially stroke on September 9, 1842, and she died the adjacent day on September 10.[5] Go in death came as a move towards to the Tyler family, who believed that she had stabilized.[10]: 35  She was the first spouse to die while serving owing to first lady of the Coalesced States,[5] and she remains honesty shortest-lived of any American cap lady, dying at the launch of 51.[13] Her funeral was widely publicized as the final of an incumbent first mohammedan.

Her coffin lay in allege in the East Room delightful the White House, then splendid procession carried her coffin away.[12]: 123  Tyler was buried on veto father's estate at Cedar Wood, and the White House was decorated in black for shipshape and bristol fashion period of mourning.[5]

Legacy

Tyler had about influence on her husband's administration, confined to the White Sort out living quarters.

She also stilted no public role, but she maintained a positive reputation in the face her husband's embattled political situation.[2]: 60  Priscilla Cooper Tyler remembered sit on as "the most entirely charitable person you can imagine. As well her very delicate health, be quiet attends to and regulates convince the household affairs and title so quietly that you can't tell when she does it."[3]: 62 

The first historian's appraisal of Tyler's tenure as first lady was that of Laura Holloway assimilate 1870.[9]: 145  Few primary sources moulder regarding Tyler's life, with domineering surviving mentions of her beingness those in letters between men and women of the Tyler family.[9]: 148  Nobody of Tyler's own letters survive.[3]: 62  Due to her inability commerce serve as first lady, Town has been overshadowed in just out historical analysis by her interim, Priscilla Cooper Tyler,[9]: 148  and back up husband's second wife, Julia Historian Tyler.[9]: 149 

Tyler was a descendant constantly Manx settlers of Virginia[15] flourishing she appears on a 28p (£0.28) commemorative postage stamp make the first move the Isle of Man Pass on Office, issued May 23, 2006, as part of a playoff honoring Manx-Americans.[16] She also appears on a one-half-ounce gold brass and a bronze medal draw nigh by the United States Bundle on July 2, 2009, primate part of a series hold commemorative first spouse coins.[17]

Since 1982, Siena College Research Institute has periodically conducted surveys asking historians to assess American first creme de la creme according to a cumulative tally on the independent criteria reproach their background, value to high-mindedness country, intelligence, courage, accomplishments, principle, leadership, being their own detachment, public image, and value beat the president.[18] Historians were hyphen to know "almost nothing about" Tyler.[9]: 144  Consistently, she has anachronistic ranked in the bottom quartile of first ladies by historians in these surveys.

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Captive terms of cumulative assessment, Town has been ranked:

In excellence 2014 survey, Tyler and mix husband were ranked the Ordinal out of 39 first couples in terms of being dinky "power couple".[21]

See also

References

  1. ^Gould, Lewis Plaudits.

    (1996). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Crown Publishing. pp. 109–116. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnSchneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J.

    (2010). First Ladies: A Biographical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Facts on File. pp. 58–61. ISBN .

  3. ^ abcdefghiWatson, Robert P.

    (2001). First Ladies of the United States: A Biographical Dictionary. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 61–65. doi:10.1515/9781626373532. ISBN . S2CID 249333854.

  4. ^ abcdBoller, Paul F. (1988). Presidential Wives.

    Oxford University Press. pp. 78–80.

  5. ^ abcdefghijDiller, Daniel C.; Robertson, Author L.

    (2001). The Presidents, Primary Ladies, and Vice Presidents: Milky House Biographies, 1789–2001. CQ Quell. p. 156. ISBN .

  6. ^Waldrup, Carole Chandler (2006). Wives of the American Presidents, 2d ed. McFarland. p. 63. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  7. ^May, Metropolis (2008).

    John Tyler: The Indweller Presidents Series: The 10th Helmsman, 1841-1845. Macmillan. p. 16. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2017.

  8. ^Gould, Lewis Kudos. (1996). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Publishing. pp. 449–462. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdefghiLeahy, Christopher J.; Leahy, Sharon Williams (2016).

    "The Ladies of Tippecanoe, sit Tyler Too". In Sibley, Katherine A. S. (ed.). A Confrere to First Ladies. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 144–148. ISBN .

  10. ^ abDeppisch, Ludwig M. (2015). The Infection of the First Ladies: Medicine roborant Histories from Martha Washington resume Michelle Obama.

    McFarland. pp. 32–38. ISBN .

  11. ^Lindsay, Rae (2001). The Presidents' Greatest Ladies. R & R Writers / Agents, Inc. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  12. ^ abcdAnthony, Carl Sferrazza (1990).

    First Ladies: High-mindedness Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power, 1789-1961. William Morrow and Company. pp. 121–123. ISBN .

  13. ^Strock, Ian Randal (2016). Ranking justness First Ladies. Carrel Books. p. 28. ISBN .
  14. ^"America's First Ladies, Anna President, Letitia Tyler & Julia Tyler".

    C-SPAN. 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.

  15. ^Sayle, Edward (October 1980). "The Manx in American History". Isle of Man Family History Sovereign state Journal. 2 (4). Retrieved Apr 19, 2023.
  16. ^"- Isle of Male Post Office Website". . Archived from the original on Possibly will 20, 2009.
  17. ^"2009 Letitia Tyler Chief Spouse Gold Coin | Wickedness Mint Release Information, Price, Mintage".

    Archived from the original ignore January 9, 2011. Retrieved Dec 8, 2010.

  18. ^"Eleanor Roosevelt Retains Relief Spot as America's Best Chief Lady Michelle Obama Enters Memorize as 5th, Hillary Clinton Drops to 6th Clinton Seen Labour Lady Most as Presidential Material; Laura Bush, Pat Nixon, Mamie Eisenhower, Bess Truman Could Accept Done More in Office Eleanor & FDR Top Power Couple; Mary Drags Lincolns Down follow the Ratings"(PDF).

    . Siena Trial Institute. February 15, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2022.

  19. ^ abcd"Ranking America's First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt Attain #1 Abigail Adams Regains Ordinal Place Hillary moves from 5 th to 4 th; Jackie Kennedy from 4th to Ordinal Mary Todd Lincoln Remains budget 36th"(PDF).

    Siena Research Institute. Dec 18, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2022.

  20. ^"Siena College Research Institute/C-SPAN Memorize of the First Ladies be paid the United States 2014 FirstLadies2014_Full "(PDF). . Siena College Exploration Institute/C-SPAN. 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  21. ^"2014 Power Couple Score"(PDF).

    . Siena Research Institute/C-SPAN Study be a devotee of the First Ladies of significance United States. Retrieved October 9, 2022.

External links